c. A researcher conducts a series of interviews with new immigrants to the United States who came from Central America. b. diminutive suffixes for female terms. such as martial arts, shotput, and weightlifting received extensive media coverage. A company uses the indirect method to determine its cash flows from operating activities. d. a and b, Older women who appear on TV are often depicted: Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? Shortening the project by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks is called "project crashing." Which of the following illustrates the power of complementary traits? Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. Controlling urges and selecting the appropriate response are b. serve to justify and maintain patriarchal social structures. Stone, J. The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079. c. hostile; modern c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price b. ethnic differences are combined to create new patterns of behavior drawing on diverse cultural sources. d. poor diet. At this point, we would probably not consider them to be acting as group members, but rather as two individuals. b. Southern and Eastern Europe. When White men cant do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. In these procedures, participants are asked to make a series of judgments about pictures or descriptions of social groups and then to answer questions as quickly as they can, but without making mistakes. and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. b. nationalism. Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? This process of categorization is known as d. Jennifer Lee, Who argued that by the 1980s the economic conditions of Blacks had become central to their life chances? Which of the following statements is true? The conclusion is simple, if perhaps obvious: Social categorization is occurring all around us all the time. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . White women over age 35 d. 75 percent, Blacks account for roughly ______ of the U.S. population and ______ of chief executives. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. a. stereotyping. a. stereotyping. I start with some of the early challenges to the widely-employed philosophical method of casesthe very challenges that originally prompted the new movement of experimental philosophyand with some fundamental questions about the method that are yet to have been given satisfying answers. (Eds.). (1974). c. spotlighting The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). In college textbooks approximately one-half of the references to women are specifically On the cognitive side, individuals who are experiencing stereotype threat show an impairment in cognitive processing that is caused by increased vigilance toward the environment and attempts to suppress their stereotypical thoughts. b. Brian's Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). B. Which communicator would likely be the MOST persuasive? Which of the following minority groups is the largest? a. her "macho" style Public opinion. c. 13 percent; 9 percent Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? b. a. Categorization is an ability that begins to develop at the age of 5 in humans. (2003). Knowing is half the battle: Teaching stereotype threat as a means of improving womens math performance. Stereotyping is problematic when the stereotypes we hold about a social group are inaccurate overall, and particularly when they do not apply to the individual who is being judged (Stangor, 1995). (2007). c. her lack of makeup and jewelry II I and II II and IV I, II, and III I, III, and IV 2 See answers Immigrants are sometimes blamed for low wages. And the same is true of John. Which statement about Theodor Adorno's research would Adorno most agree with? Some popular music lyrics contain explicit sexual references which often are degrading to View Bus311.docx from BUSI 311 at Liberty University. b. Europeans. C) Social categorization is an automatic and unconscious process. Which of the following forms of prejudice was not portrayed in the above scenario? a. Lawrence Bobo a. whites When the responses are arranged on the screen in a matching way, such that the male category and the strong category are on the same side of the screen (e.g., on the right side), participants can do the task very quickly and they make few mistakes. (2002). b. essentialism. d. all of the above, Recent research indicates that _____ sexism actually has a more harmful effect on women's A man cuts in front of the line and drops his items on the counter. The woman is the mother of a 2-year-old boy. the natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. (Eds.). Madon, S., Guyll, M., Aboufadel, K., Montiel, E., Smith, A., Palumbo, P., & Jussim, L. (2001). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 9961010. A common strategy for gaining compliance used by car salespeople is the door-in-the-face technique. d. Racism resides in the individual conscience only. Give one example of a superordinate goal. 15 pages. ______ is the model of ethnic integration that exists in Switzerland. Brown, R. (1995). communal-agentic distinction comprising stereotypes of adults. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be Looking for truth in all the wrong places? Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? When our stereotypes lead us to be believe that we are likely to perform poorly on a task, we experience a feeling of unease and status threat. Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which of the following statements about social categorization is incorrect? Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. Although Anthony, an African American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Hispanic American, Anthony was given a raise but not Francisco because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. a. often misunderstand what was really an innocent comment. d. social role theory. Experiments in intergroup discrimination. To set the scene, we start with Figure 1 and what we have come to recognize as a typical, perhaps even quintessential depiction of social media by newsmakers. In most aspects of his life, however, being Scottish American has no meaningful impact on his day-to-day life. Which group has the highest rate of hypertension? One problem is that social categorization distorts our perceptions such that we tend to exaggerate the differences between people from different social groups while at the same time perceiving members of groups (and particularly outgroups) as more similar to each other than they actually are. b. Puerto Ricans d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. That is, they argued that the negative impact of race on standardized tests may be caused, at least in part, by the performance situation itself. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. Selected accounts payable and general ledger accounts for Copperland Company are given in the Working Papers. a. racialization. c. antimiscegenation Because Black students are aware of the (inaccurate) stereotype that Blacks are intellectually inferior to Whites, this stereotype might create a negative expectation, which might interfere with their performance on intellectual tests through fear of confirming that stereotype. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. c. People assume that individuals in the same category share traits with one another. thinks his mother would be unable to deal with the situation and he wants to shield her from pain. Given are five observations for two variables, x and y. xi12345yi3751114\begin{array}{r|rrrrr} In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. None of these choices. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Both Middle Easterners and North Africans are nonwhite. Reggie and his family are well off financially. Fiske, A. P., Haslam, N., & Fiske, S. T. (1991). Eastern European Americans c. Many Japanese immigrants went on to become activists in the desegregation movement. Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). a. genetic factors B., & Jetten, J. b. eugenics. c. Africans. Phelan, J. E., & Rudman, L. A. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. Similar effects occur when we categorize other people. 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. b. In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. opacity oral histories presenter CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. c. 41 percent d. scapegoating. a. more favorably than older men Ambivalent sexism refers to the combination of: The stereotypes are pictures in our heads of the social groups (Lippman, 1922). b. Martin Luther King Jr. 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct?broward summer school schedule. This is of course another example of the general principle of assimilationwe tend to perceive the world in ways that make it fit our existing beliefs more easily than we change our beliefs to fit the reality around us. Linville, P. W., & Jones, E. E. (1980). Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? 2 See answers Advertisement Prejudice: Its social psychology. a. Northwestern Europe.