Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi).[17]. Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. [ This is roughly 6,371 kilometers (km) or 3,960 statute miles. What is radius of Earth in gravitation Class 9? Initially, the idea of a reference ellipsoid was an ellipsoid that best approximated mean ocean level. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) provides three reference values: the mean radius (R1) of three radii measured at two equator points and a pole; the authalic radius, which is the radius of a sphere with the same surface area (R2); and the volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere having the same volume as the ellipsoid (R3). 1 Each pair measured the position from the sun, in the same manner the Greek philosopher Eratosthenes exceeded 2000 years back in Alexandria, Egyptby evaluating the size of an item to the size of its shadow, measured at local noon. A few definitions yield values outside the range between polar radius and equatorial radius because they include local or geoidal topography or because they depend on abstract geometrical considerations. Escape velocity = = 22.4 km/sec. c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy associated with a 4.93-kg object at the George Jackson is the founder and lead contributor of Physics Network, a popular blog dedicated to exploring the fascinating world of physics. , and because Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). [2] Given you're looking for a simple formula, this is probably the simplest way to do it, assuming that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of 40075 km. According to Newtons second law of motion, the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on it divided by its mass, or a = F m . According to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth's radius at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers). Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earths surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. The red dot at the lower left corner is its center. 01 Earths equatorial radius63781. However, for purposes of uniformity and use in geophysics and astronomy, the nominal earth radius is used, which is about 6, 371 km. Earths radius is usually given as 6378137 meters (equatorial radius), its flattening is defined as 1/298.257223 (WGS84), and thus its polar radius is calculated as 6356752 meters.However, the av. Nowadays there are better ellipsoids when it comes to supplying a much better fit to mean ocean level compared to WGS84 ellipsoid. Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. 2 degrees. You have to find the circumference. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 0008km (3,958. Its nice to determine that measurements taken by a lot of groups, sometimes in under ideal conditions, came so near to the right answer. The acceleration due to gravity at the surface of Earthis represented by the letter g. In the third century B.C., Eratosthenes, a Greek mathematician, became the first person to mathematically calculate the diameter of the earth by comparing differences in the angle of the suns rays at two separate geographic points. w Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. x where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r state. The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6,356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi). Asteroids range in size from Vesta - the largest at about 329 miles (530 kilometers) in diameter - to bodies that are less than 33 feet (10 meters) across. The tropical radius of the world (or semi-major axis) is all about 6,378 km (3,963 miles or 3,444 maritime miles), as the polar radius of the world (or semi-minor axis) is all about 6,357 km (3,950 miles or 3,432 maritime miles). The radius of a circle is the straight-line distance from the very center of the circle to any point on the circle. So escape velocity of the planet will be 22.4 km/sec Furthermore, the bulge in the equator shows slow variations. 756 mi) on average. Derivation means the action of obtaining something from a source or origin. B By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. Instant free online tool for Earths equatorial radius to meter conversion or vice versa. This measurement also introduces another fun source of error that actually comes from the motion of Earth and other similar planetary bodies in the solar system. The cases below considers Earth's topography, above or below a reference ellipsoid. All other parallels of latitude are small circles, each having a radius smaller than that of the earth, i.e. Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). 6378 X 2 = 12 756 km. Its SIunit is m/s2. = 6,356.8km (3,949.9mi). The radius of a chlorine atom is approximately meters. Does Bohrs model explain radius of an orbit? The reason for keeping those older values was GPS. ( Image credit: Ayhan Altun) There are nearly 8 billion people (opens in new tab) living on Earth today, but our planet wasnt always so crowded. 6 m0. Reviving Erastosthenes, 2022-year-old experiment using the angle of the sun to measure the radius of the Earth. . When it's closest, the Moon is 225,623 miles away. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. Facts about the earth Since the earth is a sphere, we can measure its diameter and radius. The radius of the sun at 696,000 km is 109 times the Earth's radius. g = GM/r2, Where M is the mass of the Earth, r the radius of the Earth (or distance between the center of the Earth and you, standing on its surface), and G is the gravitational constant. The radius R of a nucleus of mass number A can be estimated by the formula R = (1.3 1015)A 1/3 m. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. [6] It is an idealized surface, and the Earth measurements used to calculate it have an uncertainty of 2m in both the equatorial and polar dimensions. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, "Measure the Earth with Shadows", the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. The radius of the earth's orbit is 45,000,000 meters. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? 2 Go farther. Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. Your email address will not be published. What is the radius of Earth in gravitation? det Eratosthenes was born around 276 B.C., which is now Shahhat, Libya. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. The Earth can be modeled as a sphere in many ways. Earth radius conversions Convert Earth radius to other length and distance measurement units using a free online calculator for length/distance unit conversions. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. Not all deformations originate within the Earth. mpanderla95. the center.of the Earth. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. = This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The circumference of the world may be the distance measured around it. Earth radius at sea level is 6378.137 km (3963.191 mi) at the equator. , Because of the Earths rapid rotation, it stretches out the planet; this results in the South pole and North pole actually being slight closer than locations opposite on the equator because the shape of the Earth is not a spheroid (not a perfect sphere). F It is the smallest planet in the Solar System, with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km. + A How much is a trillion in scientific notation? Gravitational attraction from the Moon or Sun can cause the Earth's surface at a given point to vary by tenths of a meter over a nearly 12-hour period (see Earth tide). (The notation is defined such that it can be easily generalized for other planets; e.g., [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). Its the only planet with life. What is the formula to find radius of Earth? The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 3.2.2.2Non-directional 4Global radii 4.1Nominal radius 4.2Arithmetic mean radius 4.3Authalic radius 4.4Volumetric radius 4.5Rectifying radius 5Topographical radii 5.1Topographical extremes 5.2Topographical global mean 6Derived quantities: diameter, circumference, arc-length, area, volume 7Published values 8History 9See also 10Notes 11References = Earth's rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. arrow_forward. Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy | About Us | Terms & Conditions | Site Map, Scientific discoveries from around the world. A cylinder has a radius of 8 meters. 1. The Bohr model of the atom predicted the radius of the lowest-energy electron orbit. The geocentric radius is the distance from the Earth's center to a point on the spheroid surface at geodetic latitude : where a and b are, respectively, the equatorial radius and the polar radius. Since the locations are points on a circle that goes around the Earth, the distance between them can be expressed as an arc measurement on a 360-degree circle. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, 100 times larger. Based on data taken by 183 high-school classes taking part in a global Year of Physics project, Appraise the Earth with Shadows, the radius of Earth is 6563 km, when compared to recognized value for that mean radius of 6371 km. For the Earth, the authalic radius is 6,371.0072km (3,958.7603mi). Enchanted Learning. They are vertices of the ellipse and also coincide with minimum and maximum radius of curvature. K ] He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Equatorial radius is conventionally used as the nominal value unless the polar radius is explicitly required. (8,849 meters), but it is not the highest point on Earth that is, the place most distant from the . K Each of the models in common use involve some notion of the geometric radius. Radius of sun is 695 500 km, so in meters you multiply by 1000. The size of a frictional force is given by F, start subscript, f, end subscript, is less than or equal to, mu, R,FfR where R is the magnitude of the normal reaction force between the two surfaces and is the coefficient of friction between the two surfaces. This calculated value became a defining value in 1993. Earths circumference is the distance around Earth. and This is the radius that Eratosthenes measured in his arc measurement. The corresponding radius of curvature depends on the location and direction of measurement from that point. = Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well.