Many of the mechanisms of resistance have been caused by the inappropriate prescription of antibiotics to treat illnesses such as the cold or flu or the over-prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Easily, or capable of being, transmitted to others contagious communicable catching transmittable transmissible spreading infective pestilent transferable pestilential pandemic epidemic epizootic virulent spreadable catchable contaminating conveyable mephitic vitiating catchy pestiferous taking endemic communicative pernicious uncontrollable While in Indonesia the infant mortality rate due to infection of Caput succedaneum in 2013 amounted to 11% from 35 per 1000 live births. confidence interval a range of values for a measure (e.g., rate or odds ratio) constructed so that the range has a specified probability (often, but not necessarily, 95%) of including the true value of the measure. In epidemiology, it is often used more casually to refer to proportions that are not truly rates (e.g., attack rate or case-fatality rate). Vad r kursen fr att vxla till ? The midrange is usually calculated as an intermediate step in determining other measures. The fishing line is rated for 30 pounds. determinant any factor that brings about change in a health condition or in other defined characteristics (see also cause and risk factor). ; the effective transmission rate. Columns are drawn so that their bases equal the class intervals (i.e., so that columns of adjacent intervals touch), and their heights correspond to the class frequencies. Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. case definition a set of uniformly applied criteria for determining whether a person should be identified as having a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. Common measures of central location are the mean, median, and mode also called the measure of central tendency. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. antonyms. false-positive a positive test result for a person who actually does not have the condition. The rate at which an individual, tissue, or organ grows over time. Found 2 synonyms 1. infection rate 2. Alexander COVID News-Dr. Paul Elias Alexander's Newsletter DEVASTATING Australian NSW data showing the quadrupled COVID mRNA vaccinated (4 shots) have massive spikes in hospitalization & death! Synonyms for Rates of infection.Retrieved July 10, 2021, from https://www.classicthesaurus.com/rates_of_infection/synonyms transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. infection invasion of the body tissues of a host by an infectious agent, whether or not it causes disease. A confirmed case is "a person with laboratory confirmation of COVID-19 infection" as the World Health Organization (WHO) explains. For COVID-19, symptoms appear 2-14 days after infection. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. host factor an intrinsic factor (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, sex, or behaviors) that influences a persons exposure, susceptibility, or response to an agent. passive surveillance see surveillance, passive. spectrum of illness the range of manifestations a disease process can take (e.g., from asymptomatic to mild clinical illness to severe illness and death). predictive value positive the proportion of cases identified by a test, reported by a surveillance system, or classified by a case definition that are true cases, calculated as the number of true-positives divided by the number of true-positives plus false-positives. A an infectious disease: Is this infection very dangerous? Toxoplasmosis Q fever Influenza Toxocara A Word From Immediate Delivery. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. In this test the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of unclotted blood is measured. (2) A system for early detection of outbreaks whereby health department staff, assisted by automated acquisition of data routinely collected for other purposes and computer generation of statistical signals, monitor disease indicators, particularly those associated with possible terrorism-related biologic and chemical agents, continually or at least daily to detect outbreaks earlier than would otherwise be possible with traditional public health methods. {\displaystyle A} transmission, biologic indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent undergoes biologic changes inside the vector as part of its life cycle before it is transmitted to the host (see also transmission, mechanical). frequency the amount or number of occurrences of an attribute or health outcome among a population. The denominator is the number of persons with the condition; the numerator is the number of cause-specific deaths among those persons. Retinopathy. common-source outbreak see outbreak, common-source. bias, information systematic difference in the collection of data regarding the participants in a study (e.g., about exposures in a case-control study, or about health outcomes in a cohort study) that leads to an incorrect result (e.g., risk ratio or odds ratio) or inference. He doesn't rate very highly as a dramatist in my estimation. PPE PPE Stands for personal protective equipment. [1] Because it takes account of susceptibility it can be used to compare the rate of transmission between different groups of the population for the same infectious disease, or even between different infectious diseases. Non-sterile gloves are just as effective as sterile gloves in preventing surgical site infection after minor skin surgeries, Detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Punjab, Pakistan, A prospective study to assess risk factors for surgical site infections in a tertiary care center, Infection Management & Environmental Plan, Infection Prevention & Control Department, Infection Surveillance and Control Program, Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission. antigen any substance (e.g., a toxin or the surface of a microorganism or transplanted organ) recognized as foreign by the human body and that stimulates the production of antibodies. arthropod an organism that has jointed appendages and segmented external skeleton (e.g., flies, mosquitoes, ticks, or mites). APA: Classic Thesaurus. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. EIS Epidemic Intelligence Service; CDCs 2-year training program in applied epidemiology for public health professionals (/eis). dependent variable see variable, dependent. crude when referring to a rate, an overall or summary rate for a population, without adjustment. In calculating postneonatal mortality rates, the numerator is the number of deaths among this age group during a given period, and the denominator is the number of live births during the same period.. The key differences between two common pathogens. Learn a new word every day. semilogarithmic-scale line graph see line graph, semilogarithmic-scale. outbreak, point-source a common source outbreak in which the exposure period is relatively brief so that all cases occur within one incubation period. class limits the values at the upper and lower ends of a class interval. bias a systematic deviation of results or inferences from the truth or processes leading to such systematic deviation; any systematic tendency in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth. study, case-control an observational analytic study that enrolls one group of persons with a certain disease, chronic condition, or type of injury (case-patients) and a group of persons without the health problem (control subjects) and compares differences in exposures, behaviors, and other characteristics to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. The research was done in environmental disaster areas (Aral District, Kazaly District) and . Isolation refers to separation of ill persons; quarantine refers to separation of potentially exposed but well persons. environmental factor an extrinsic factor (e.g., geology, climate, insects, sanitation, or health services) that affects an agent and the opportunity for exposure. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice, Third Edition, Deputy Director for Public Health Science and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. Used in statistical testing to evaluate the plausibility of the null hypothesis (i.e., whether the observed association or difference plausibly might have occurred by chance). measurement scale the complete range of possible values for a measurement. outbreak, common-source an outbreak that results from persons being exposed to the same harmful influence (e.g., an infectious agent or toxin). Using the term to describe the person rather than the health condition is discouraged (see also case-patient). Parts of speech infection rates. an infecting agency or influence. immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. Case-control and cohort studies are observational studies (see also study, experimental). sensitivity the ability of a test, case definition, or surveillance system to identify true cases; the proportion of people with a health condition (or the proportion of outbreaks) that are identified by a screening test or case definition (or surveillance system). Analytic epidemiology uses comparison groups to provide baseline or expected values so that associations between exposures and outcomes can be quantified and hypotheses about the cause of the problem can be tested (see also study, analytic). y-axis the vertical axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the dependent variable (e.g., frequency number, proportion, or rate). study, observational a study in which the investigator observes rather than influences exposure and disease among participants. trial, randomized clinical a clinical trial in which persons are randomly assigned to exposure or treatment groups. tion rate This thesaurus page is about all possible synonyms, equivalent, same meaning and similar words for the term infection rate. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. median the measure of central location that divides a set of data into two equal parts, above and below which lie an equal number of values (see also measure of central location). epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. variable, independent an exposure, risk factor, or other characteristic being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable). All rights reserved. It is usually expressed in terms of kilocalories per square meter of body surface per hour. zoonosis an infectious disease that is transmissible from animals to humans. Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. sentences. study, cohort an observational analytic study in which enrollment is based on status of exposure to a certain factor or membership in a certain group. Lists. epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. Synonyms contamination, infection, corruption, pollution, taint The number of deaths in a specified population, usually expressed per 100,000 population over a given period, usually 1 year. Retinal Degeneration. The alternative is adopted if the null hypothesis (see also hypothesis, null) proves implausible. A carrier can be asymptomatic (never indicate signs of the disease) or can display signs of the disease only during the incubation period, convalescence, or postconvalescence. efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. ) is therefore class interval the span of values of a continuous variable that are grouped into a single category (see also class), usually to create a frequency distribution for that variable. 3. a fixed charge per unit of quantity: a rate of 10 cents a pound. The terms Prevalence rates and Rate of prevalence might have synonymous (similar) meaning. The line graph shows there were 37,800 new HIV infections in 2015, 37,900 in 2016, 36,700 in 2017, 36,200 in 2018, and 34,800 in 2019. independent variable see variable, independent. syndromic surveillance see surveillance, syndromic. epidemiology, descriptive the aspect of epidemiology concerned with organizing and summarizing data regarding the persons affected (e.g., the characteristics of those who became ill), time (e.g., when they become ill), and place (e.g., where they might have been exposed to the cause of illness). person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. surveillance, syndromic (1) the monitoring of the frequency of illnesses with a specified set of clinical features among a given population without regard to the specific diagnoses, if any, that are assigned to them by clinicians. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. 1 vote. Seizure. portal of exit a pathway by which an agent can leave its host. transmission, mechanical indirect transmission by a vector in which the infectious agent does not undergo physiologic changes inside the vector (see also transmission, biologic). Synonyms & Similar Words Relevance virus germ disease epidemic attack contagion contagious disease contagium plague illness hypothesis, alternative the supposition that an exposure is associated with the health condition under study. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. 10 other terms for infection rates- words and phrases with similar meaning. Rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease, Mathematical modelling of infectious disease, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_of_infection&oldid=1142548282, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 01:24. prevalence, period the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at any time during a particular period. case, source the case or instance of a patient responsible for transmitting infection to others; the instance of a patient who gives rise to an outbreak or epidemic. In epidemiology, the data are usually summaries of the frequency of occurrence of an event or characteristic occurring among different groups. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. Performs all aspects of patient care in an environment that optimizes patient safety and reduces the likelihood of medical/healthcare errors. rate of prevalence. immunity, herd the resistance to an infectious agent of an entire group or community (and, in particular, protection of susceptible persons) as a result of a substantial proportion of the population being immune to the agent. mode the most frequently occurring value in a set of observations (see also measure of central location). Links to your sources would be appreciated. mechanical transmission see transmission, mechanical.