62 947953, Nelson, D. C., Jannasch, H. W. 1983 Chemoautotrophic growth of a marine Beggiatoa in sulfide-gradient cultures Arch. CAS How do. 169 364368, Odintsova, E. V., Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P. 1993 Chemolithoautotrophic growth of Thiothrix ramosa Arch. Rev. 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Thiel, V. (2011). CAS To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] University of London, London, England. 160 306311, Beudeker, R. F., Kerver, J. W. M., Kuenen, J. G. 1981aOccurrence, structure, and function of intracellular polyglucose in the obligate chemolithotroph Thiobacillus neapolitanus Arch. In return for this, the worms supply a special type of hemoglobin they make as food for the bacteria. Later, the term would include also the chemoorganoautotrophy, that is, it can be seen as a synonym of chemoautotrophy.[4][5]. Peck, H. D. 1962. 151 252256, Horowitz, N. H. 1945 On the evolution of biochemical synteses Proc. 55 29092917, Nelson, D. C., Williams, C. A., Farah, B. Roll no.-1601 The presence of chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the sulfide-containing hydrothermal water supports the hypothesis that chemosynthesis provides a substantial primary food source for the rich populations of invertebrates found in the immediate vicinity of the vents. This is a type of dissimilatory nitrate reduction where the nitrate is being reduced during energy conservation, not for the purposes of making organic compounds. 0000008879 00000 n ." on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. nov., Thiothrix unzii sp. ), Microbial growth and survival in extremes of environment. Microbiol. We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Natl. To save content items to your account, Careers. Activate your 30 day free trialto unlock unlimited reading. 2. hA 04q\GcwzC. 1989 Aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria H. G. Schlegel and B. Bowien (ed.) Phylogenetic tree based on the OTU0001s partial 16S rRNA gene sequence (482 nucleotides) and 16S rRNA gene sequences from related organisms. What are the most common electron donors and acceptors for chemolithotrophs? \7jllv 1!"%;RT"'_Y=SA&v90q911^*\7i8)tm=7M^FSL7m&tJX&$5WL6o=R6 u.nz7de\Ab/=qf=p8>_jb, M: URKKKK *E\B - &Ji IIII*&(((,-B@-%h Looks like youve clipped this slide to already. Bioenergetics of chemolithotrophic bacteria, pp. Lett. These are called chemolithotrophs. The Chemolithotrophic Prokaryotes. 363386, Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P, Gottschal, J. C., Kuenen, J. G. 1979 Autotrophic metabolism of formate by Thiobacillus strain A2 J. Gen. Microbiol. 1986a Microoxic-anoxic niche of Beggiatoa spp. Symp. Archives of Microbiology 108:287292. 20 107112, Wood, A. P., Kelly, D. P., Norris, P. R. 1987 Autotrophic growth of four Sulfolobus strains on tetrathionate and the effect of organic nutrients Arch. 3xY.uSSOpx Microbiol. Ammonia-oxidising Crenarchaeota: important players in the nitrogen cycle? The first group is the colorless sulfur bacteria. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P., Le Roux, N. W. 1978. Archives of Microbiology 118:2126. Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. trailer What is the purpose of each nitrogen compound and how does it relate to the organisms metabolism. Metal recovery from sulfide minerals is based on the activity of chemolithotrophic bacteria, mainly Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans, which convert insoluble metal sulfides into soluble metal sulfates.Non-sulfide ores and minerals can be treated by . Microbiol. (eds. Mechanisms of chemoautotrophy, pp. Thermochemistry is the part of thermodynamics that studies the relationship between heat and chemical reactions. 1976. @free.kindle.com emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. Zeitschrift fr Allgemeine Mikrobiologie 17:491493. Google Scholar. Lithoautotroph. Whereas there is no known macrofauna possessing the capability of chemolithotrophy, some animals such as particular tubeworms and bivalves can form symbioses with chemolithotrophs, (e.g., at cold seeps or in hydrothermal environments). (trans. Timmer-ten-Hoor, A. Entropy The process can use oxidative phosphorylation, just like aerobic and anaerobic respiration, but now the substance being oxidized (the electron donor) is an inorganic compound. Acad. Katrina Edwards. Some microbes are chemolithoheterotrophs, using an inorganic chemical for their energy and electron needs, but relying on organic chemicals in the environment for their carbon needs. Kelly, D. P. 1967. Biotechnol. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. A lithoautotroph is an organism which derives energy from reactions of reduced compounds of mineral (inorganic) origin. A. Evol. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal (1981). . Moreover, it has been suggested that the metabolic capabilities of extremophiles could be duplicated on extraterrestrial planetary bodies. 18421858, Kelly, D. P. 1990 Energetics of chemolithotrophs T. A. Krulwich (ed.) Annual Review of Plant Physiology 21:6790. A., Denend, A. R. 1972 Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase from autotrophic microorganisms J. Bacteriol. 1993 Pyrobaculum aerophilum sp. Even after decades of studies on sulfur oxidation by these bacteria, this problem has not been fully resolved although it is widely thought . Soc. Appl. Microbial Physiology Chemoautotrophs generally fall into several groups: methanogens, sulfur oxidizers and reducers, nitrifiers, anammox bacteria, and thermoacidophiles. 2023 Feb 17;20(4):3587. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20043587. The process is performed by diazotrophs, a limited number of bacteria and archaea that can grow without an external source of fixed nitrogen, because of their abilities. Chemolithotrophy sulfur oxidation metabolism. Energy relations in the metabolism of autotrophic bacteria. Chemoautotrophic bacteria and chemolithotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic (non-carbon) compounds. Winogradsky, S., 1888. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Environ. 2. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 42:483492. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. The term chemolithotrophy describes the energy metabolism of bacteria that can, in the absence of light, use the oxidation of inorganic substances as a source of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenance (Rittenberg, 1969). Then enter the name part Microbiol. In: Reitner, J., Thiel, V. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geobiology. sp., a non-autotrophic Thiobacillus Arch. Botanische Zeitung, 46, 261270. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. World of Microbiology and Immunology. Stannous and cuprous ion oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Eisenbakterien als Anorgoxydanten. Li C, Zhang W, Wu X, Cai Q, Tan Z, Hong Z, Huang S, Yuan Y, Yao L, Zhang L. Inflammopharmacology. Microbiol. Aromatic-turmerone ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis via modulating gut microbiota in mice. Oxidation kinetics and chemo-stat growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on tetrathio-nate and thiosulfate. The chemolithotrophic prokaryotes. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Indeed, the most dangerous for artifacts are the . 1998 Phylogeny of dissimilatory sulfite reductases supports an early origin of sulfate respiration J. Bacteriol. Reisolation of the carbon monoxide utilizing hydrogen bacterium Pseudomonas carboxydovorans (Kistner) comb. 15. Encyclopedia of Geobiology pp 271272Cite as, Part of the Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series book series (EESS). 0000055870 00000 n The phylogeny of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria as determined by analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences, Quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in arable soil by real-time PCR, Evidence that particulate methane monooxygenase and ammonia monooxygenase may be evolutionarily related, Enzymology of the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria, A survey of 16 S rRNA and amoA genes related to autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta-subdivision of the class proteobacteria in contaminated groundwater, Mathematical modeling of autotrophic denitrification in a nitrifying biofilm of a rotating biological contactor, Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria: a model for molecular microbial ecology. Microbiology of a Sediment Pond and the Underlying Young, Cold, Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank. Prokaryotes, 2, 441456. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Hostname: page-component-7fc98996b9-74dff 1977. 132 203208, Holo, H. 1989 Chloroflexus aurantiacus secretes 3-hydroxypropionate, a possible intermediate in the assimilation of carbon dioxide and acetate Arch. The chemotroph designation is in contrast to phototrophs, which use photons. Lett. - 103.138.151.18. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Bacteriological Reviews 26:6794. 1990 Organic sulfur compounds in the environment Adv. The water is very acidic and contains ferrous iron. Rainey, F. A., Kelly, D. P., Stackebrandt, E., Burghardt, J., Hiraishi, A., Katayama, Y., Wood, A. P. 1999 A reevaluation of the taxonomy of Paracoccus denitrificans and a proposal for the creation of Paracoccus pantotrophus comb. van Verseveld, H. W., Stouthamer, A. H. 1978. Our results show the dominance of chemolithotrophic processes on the surface of biochar and MEB that can contribute to carbon sequestration in soil. Springer, Dordrecht. A third type of chemoautotrophic bacteria includes the nitrifying bacteria. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Reduced sulfur, nitrogen and iron species and hydrogen are the most common substrates (Table 1). 05 September 2012. A., Norris, P. R., Kelly, D. P. 1980. Communities on biochar and MEBs were dominated by a novel Gammaproteobacterium. 22 Feb. 2023 . USA 55 928934, Freitag, A., Rudert, M., Bock, E. 1987 Growth of Nitrobacter by dissimilatory nitrate reduction FEMS Microbiol. Chemolithotrophic bacteria with the ability to use inorganic sources were discovered by Winograsky, one of the modern microbiology pioneers, in late 1880 (1). 11 335365, Kelly, D. P. 1967 Problems of the autotrophic microorganisms Science Progress 55 3551, Kelly, D. P. 1971 Autotrophy: concepts of lithotrophic bacteria and their organic metabolism Ann. 41 419448, Smock, A. M., Bottcher, M. E., Cypionka, H. 1998 Fractionation of sulfur isotopes during thiosulfate reduction by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Arch. 2017 Mar 1;581-582:689-696. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.181. 80 501507, Metzdorf, N., Kaltwasser, H. 1988 Utilization of organic compounds as the sole source of nitrogen by Thiobacillus thiooxidans Arch. Kelly, D. P., Eccleston, M., Jones, C. A. ." abundant at hydrothermal vents of the Guaymas Basin Appl. <<2BA946479B978D4B846C4D95FC028DE9>]/Prev 510177/XRefStm 2347>> The position of nitrate respiration in evolution. Front Microbiol. These organisms require both ATP and reducing power (i.e. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 17 491493, Burggraf, S., Olse, G. J., Stetter, K. O., Woese, C. R. 1992 A phylogenetic analysis of Aquifex pyrophilus Syst. ( a, Image of ( a ) a bright-field STEM and ( b ) a, MeSH 41 100180, Timmer-ten-Hoor, A. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Frontiers of life, Editions Frontieres Gif-sur-Yvette France 307315, Gogarten, J. P. 1995 The early evolution of cellular life Trends Ecol. Autotrophy and the origins of metabolism, Biodeterioration of natural stone with special reference to nitrifying bacteria, First evidence for existence of an uphill electron transfer through the bc1 and NADH-Q oxidoreductase complexes of the acidophilic obligate chemolithotrophic ferrous ion-oxidizing bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, A new rate law describing microbial respiration, Molecular biology and biochemistry of ammonia oxidation by Nitrosomonas europaea, Molecular analysis of ammonia oxidation and denitrification in natural environments. 0000006778 00000 n Encyclopedia.com. To process this carbon source, the bacteria require energy. 0000023940 00000 n Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Sci Total Environ. The role of microorganisms in the weathering of minerals has long been recognized ().More recent interest in the role of Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) has been driven by the recognition that Fe(II)-bearing mineral phases, such as Fe(II)-silicates and pyrite, represent a potential wealth of energy to fuel chemolithotrophic metabolisms, both terrestrially and on other rocky planetary bodies . Lett. 140 321325, Lane, D. J., Harrison, A. P., Stahl, D., Pace, B., Giovannoni, S. J., Olsen, G. J., Pace, N. P. 1992 Evolutionary relationships among sulfur-and iron-oxidizing eubacteria J. Bacteriol. Zhang Y, Bo G, Shen M, Shen G, Yang J, Dong S, Shu Z, Wang Z. Ph.D. Thesis. 2, part I. London: John Wiley & Sons. You can also search for this author in We've updated our privacy policy. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Journal of Microbiology and Serology 38:457478. and transmitted securely. J. Microbiol. Enjoy access to millions of ebooks, audiobooks, magazines, and more from Scribd. Plants, animals, and other organisms rely on bacteria and archaea to provide nitrogen in a fixed form, since no eukaryote is known that can fix nitrogen. Epub 2019 Jan 24. Chemoautotrophic bacteria and chemolithotrophic bacteria obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic (non-carbon) compounds. A non-nitrogen compound would serve as the electron acceptor. The obligate autotrophthe demise of a concept. The term "Chemolithotrophy" refers to the gain of energy for cell biosynthesis and maintenance from the oxidation of inorganic compounds (= electron donors), in the absence of light (Kelly and Wood, 2006).The process was first described by the Russian microbiologist Sergej Winogradsky (1887, 1888).Chemolithotrophy is a strategy unique to some prokaryotes (i.e., Bacteria and Archaea), the . 152 3943, Nishihara, H., Igarashi, U., Kodawa, T. 1990 A new isolate of Hydrogenobacter, an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, thermophilic, halophilic and aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium from a seaside saline hot spring Arch. 2. Chemolithotrophy is a strategy unique to some prokaryotes (i.e., Bacteria and Archaea), the so-called chemolithotrophs. Thus, nitrogen fixation must take place in an anaerobic environment. The results show that the biochar and the MEBs harbor distinct bacterial communities to the bulk soil. Taylor, S. 1977. Examples of these proteins include ironsulfur proteins, hemoglobin, and coordination complexes. The litho is a word with a Greek root meaning stone, thus this group of bacteria is called stone eaters (2). 1992 Life at the upper temperature border J. Tran Thanh Van, K. Tran Thanh Van, H. C. Mounlou, J. Schneider, and C. McKay (ed.s) Frontiers of life, Editions Frontieres Gif-sur-Yvette France 195219, Taylor, S. 1977 Evidence for the presence of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase in Methylococcuscapsulatus (Bath) FEMS Microbiol. Tuovinen, O. H., Kelly, D. P. 1972. 2019 May 10;664:11-23. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.298. 95 844855, Smith, A. J., Hoare, D. S. 1977 Specialist phototrophs, lithotrophs, and methylotrophs: A unity among a diversity of prokaryotes? Li M, Li S, Chen S, Meng Q, Wang Y, Yang W, Shi L, Ding F, Zhu J, Ma R, Guo X. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Rev. This is referred to as reverse electron transport. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13187-9_79, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-13187-9_79, Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Ihre Lebensprozesse spielen sich nach einem viel einfacheren Schema ab; durch einen rein anorganischen chemischen Prozess werden alle ihre Lebensbewegungen im Gange erhalten. Isolation and characterization of Desulfovibrio growing on hydrogen plus sulfate as the sole energy source. Serol. Marine ecology John Wiley & Sons London. Rev. The metabolism of inorganic sulphur compounds by thiobacilli. 0000055936 00000 n Our results show the dominance of chemolithotrophic processes on the surface of biochar and MEB that can contribute to carbon sequestration in soil. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. nov Int. 49 645651, Rittenberg, S. C. 1969 The roles of exogenous organic matter in the physiology of chemolithotrophic bacteria Adv. The smaller the distance between the two, the less ATP that will be formed. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The prokaryotes, 1st ed. In: Florkin, M., Mason, H. S. 19 375390, Eccleston, M., Kelly, D. P. 1978 Oxidation kinetics and chemostat growth kinetics of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans on tetrathionate and thiosulfate J. Bacteriol. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase from autotrophic microorganisms. 2022 Jun 22;13:895975. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895975. 0000004053 00000 n Journal of Bacteriology 91:10621069. Journal of Bacteriology 93:874878. Such taxonomic lumping does have value since some fundamental aspects of carbon and energy metabolism unify many of chemolithotrophs into an acceptable physiological family. From: Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences, 2014 Related terms: pH Bacterium Oxidation Mutation Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. 1943 Biochemical problems of the chemoautotrophic bacteria Physiol. What roles do bacteria/archaea play in the nitrogen cycle? Appl. But, chemoautotrophs and chemolithotrophs do not usually face competition from other microorganisms , so the energy they are able to obtain is sufficient to sustain their existence. Chemolithotrophy can occur aerobically or anaerobically. 52 452484, Wachtershauser, G. 1990a The case for the chemo-autotrophic origin of life in an iron-sulfur world Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere 20 173176, Wachtershauser, G. 1990b Evolution of the first metabolic cycles Proc. It is particularly important in the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll regions, where the presence of micronutrients is mandatory for the total primary production.[11]. Kelly, D. P., Wood, A. P. 1984 Potential for methylotrophic autotrophy in Thiobacillus versutus (Thiobacillus sp. Electron micrographs of GISH for OTU0001 on a mineral-enriched biochar particle. 0000006497 00000 n Lett. Microbiol. 0000004523 00000 n Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Appl. Moreover, there is no sunlight. Plant and Soil 43:587601. 23 319324, London, J. 150 117125, Gottschal, J. C., de Vries, S., Kuenen, J. G. 1979 Competition between the facultatively chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus A2, an obligat, Grabovich, M. Y., Dubinina, G. A., Lebedeva, V. Y., Churikova, V. V. 1998 Mixotrophic and lithoheterotrophic growth of the freshwater filamentous sulfur bacterium Beggiatoa leptomitiformis D-402 Microbiology (Moscow) 67 383388, Gribaldo, S., Cammarano, P. 1998 The root of the universal tree of life inferred from anciently duplicated genes encoding components of the protein-targeting machinery J. Mol. nov., represents a novel group of marine hyperthermophilic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria Syst. A., Shively, J. M. 1989b Occurrence and regulation of Calvin cycle enzymes in non-autotrophic Beggiatoa strains Arch. Winogradsky, S., 1887. How are different nitrogen compounds used in their metabolism? 151 1519, Nishihara, H., Igarashi, Y., Kodawa, T. 1989 Isolation of an obligately chemolithoautotrophic, halophilic and aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium from marine environment Arch. Nitrogen fixation describes the conversion of the relatively inert dinitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3), a much more useable form of nitrogen for most life forms. 15 352356, Butlin, K. R., Adams, M. E. 1947 Autotrophic growth of sulphate-reducing bacteria Nature 160 154155, Caspi, R., Haygood, M. G., Tebo, B. M. 1996 Unusual ribulose-1, 5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase genes from a marine manganese-oxidizing bacterium Microbiology (UK) 142 25492559, Chyba, C. F. 1992 The violent environment of the origin of life J. Tran Thanh Van, K. Tran Thanh Van, J. C. Mounlou, J. Schneider, and C. McKay (eds.) As with chemoorganotrophs, metabolism of chemolithotrophs requires ATP and NAD(P)H for carbon metabolism and biosynthetic processes. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. 3951. 107 123130, Katayama, Y., Hiraishi, A., Kuraishi, H. 1995 Paracoccus thiocyanatus sp. An official website of the United States government. Oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. Autotrophic organisms convert inorganic molecules into organic compounds. Sulfur Oxidizing Origins of Life 8:173174. nov Syst. Appl. eCollection 2022. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. For clarity, only the immediate neighborhood of the OTU0001s clade is shown. nov., comprising a distinct lineage of the Archaea, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, Ferroglobus placidus gen. nov., sp. 2022 Sep 12;13:924137. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.924137. Smith, A. J., Hoare, D. S. 1977. Pflanzenphysiologie, vol. Alvarez, M., Barton, L. L. 1977. Chemoheterotrophs (or chemotrophic heterotrophs) are unable to fix carbon to form their own organic compounds. J. Syst. Biochemical reaction mechanisms in sulphur oxidation by chemosynthetic bacteria. Characteristics of a moderately thermophilic and acidophilic iron-oxidizing Thiobacillus. Published online by Cambridge University Press: Water as the source of oxidant and reductant in bacterial chemosynthesis. Chemoorganotrophic growth of Nitrobacter agilis Arch. Clipping is a handy way to collect important slides you want to go back to later. However, at least 0.3 ppm of dissolved oxygen is needed to carry out the oxidation. Just as both the electron donors and acceptors can vary widely for this group of organisms, the amount of ATP generated for their efforts will vary widely as well. Differences in microbial diversity and environmental factors in ploughing-treated tobacco soil. Rev. Some can use organic compounds as their carbon source while metabolizing an inorganic electron donor. Encyclopedia.com. Pfeffer, W. 1897. Measures for Controlling Gaseous Emissions during Composting: A Review. Chemolithotrophy @kindle.com emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply. Microbiol. 1971 Autotrophic growth and synthesis of reserve polymers in Nitrobacter winogradskyi Arch. Natl. 0000060407 00000 n Chemolitho (auto)trophic bacteria Elemental sulfur granules present in the tissues of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria from a submerged cave in central Florida. 0000078893 00000 n "Chemoautotrophic and Chemolithotrophic Bacteria 0000000016 00000 n 44 19851986, Keil, F. 1912 Beitrge zur Physiologie der farblosen Schwefelbakterien Beitr. There exist many inorganic electron donors that can fuel chemolithotrophs involving geologic, biologic, and anthropogenic sources. Bakteriol. chemolithotrophy, hydrogen oxidizers, hydrogenase, sulfur oxidizers, sulfite oxidase, nitrogen oxidizers, nitrification, iron oxidizers, chemolithoautotroph, reverse electron flow, chemolithoheterotroph, mixotroph, nitrogen fixation, diazotroph, nitrogenase, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing organisms, Rhizobium, legume, free-living nitrogen-fixing organisms, Cyanobacteria, heterocyst, assimilation, ammonia assimilation, assimilative nitrate reduction, denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction, anammox, anaerobic ammonia oxidation, anammoxosome. Electrons from these electron donors are transferred to coenzyme Q or to cytochromes. Lyalikova, N. N. 1972. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. Bacteriological Reviews 41:419448. The bacteria live in the plant's tissue, often in root nodules, fixing nitrogen and sharing the results. Growth kinetics of Thiobacillus denitrificans in anaerobic and aerobic chemostat culture. 76 252264, van Niel, C. B. 0000009251 00000 n Ferric iron reduction by sulfur-and iron-oxidizing bacteria. Geobiology Group Geoscience Center, University of Gttingen, Goldschmidtstr. CrossRef Schlegel, H. 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