But despite recurrentdebates about its meaning and appropriateness, the flag never really disappeared. The second national flag was later adapted as a naval ensign, using a shorter 2:3 aspect ratio than the 1:2 ratio adopted by the Confederate Congress for the national flag. Many individual companies received splendid flags from the communities from which they were raised, but the regiments into which they were assembled did not necessarily share in this enthusiasm. This firm, on open market purchases, supplied Confederate 1st national flags to at least seven units in the District of South Carolina between 8 August 1862 and 10 February 1863. The flags of the Confederate States of America have a history of three successive designs from 1861 to 1865. Miles had already designed a flag that later became known as the Confederate Battle Flag, and he favored his flag over the "Stars and Bars" proposal. Confederate generals P.G.T. Judging from the $12.00 price that Ruskell later received for a bunting Confederate 1st national that was 6 feet long on the fly, it is thought that the 43 flags that he delivered in July and August were 4 feet on their hoist by 6 feet on their fly with eleven white, 5-pointed stars arranged in a circle or ellipse. More than double that number (12), however, bore eleven stars, with all but two arranged in a circle that included all eleven stars. In 1961, South Carolina began to fly the Confederate flag over its state house. Return to the Confederate Flags Home Page. Hundreds of proposed national flag designs were submitted to the Confederate Congress during competitions to find a First National flag (FebruaryMay 1861) and Second National flag (April 1862; April 1863). First variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand of Savannah, Georgia, Second variant of flag proposal by A. Bonand, Flag proposal submitted by the "Ladies of Charleston", First variant of flag proposal by L. P. Honour of Charleston, South Carolina, L. P. Honour's second variant of First national flag proposal, Confederate First national flag proposal by John Sansom of Alabama, William Porcher Miles' flag proposal, ancestor flag of the Confederate Battle Flag, John G. Gaines' First national flag proposal, Flag proposal by J. M. Jennings of Lowndesboro, Alabama, Flag proposal submitted by an unknown person of Louisville, Kentucky, One of three finalist designs examined by Congress on March 4, 1861, lost out to Stars and Bars, Second of three finalists in the Confederate First national flag competition, Confederate flag proposal by Mrs E. G. Carpenter of Cassville, Georgia, Confederate flag proposal by Thomas H. Hobbs of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Flag proposal by Eugene Wythe Baylor of Louisiana, Flag proposal submitted by "H" of South Carolina, A Confederate flag proposal by Hamilton Coupes that was submitted on February 1, 1861, The Confederate national flag proposal of Mrs Irene Riddle, wife of William T. Riddle of Eutaw, Alabama. All rights reserved. Beauregard gave a speech encouraging the soldiers to treat the new flag with honor and that it must never be surrendered. Inside the canton are seven to thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size, arranged in a circle and pointing outward. The results were mixed. The Confederate War Department chose two similar sized flags for the forts that came under their control as a result of secession. The Flag Act of 1865, passed by the Confederate congress near the very end of the War, describes the flag in the following language: The Congress of the Confederate States of America do enact, That the flag of the Confederate States shall be as follows: The width two-thirds of its length, with the union (now used as the battle flag) to be in width three-fifths of the width of the flag, and so proportioned as to leave the length of the field on the side of the union twice the width of the field below it; to have the ground red and a broad blue saltire thereon, bordered with white and emblazoned with mullets or five pointed stars, corresponding in number to that of the Confederate States; the field to be white, except the outer half from the union to be a red bar extending the width of the flag. As might be expected 2 of the flags from Virginia (the eighth state to join the Confederacy) bear seven stars around a larger center star, and 2 of the flags from North Carolina (the tenth Confederate state) bear ten stars. The flags were initially prepared bore seven stars in a circle, but at least one 11 star example in the storm size is known with Vaughans markings. In addition to the 112 1st national flags from states east of the Mississippi, a number of Confederate 1st national flags from the trans-Mississippi region have also been surveyed. "Stonewall" Jackson as it lay in state in the Virginia capitol, May 12, 1863. [58] A July 2021 Politico-Morning Consult poll of 1,996 registered voters reported that 47% viewed it as a symbol of Southern pride while 36% viewed it as a symbol of racism. As historian John M. Coski writes, Confederate heritage organizations insisted that the flag was rightfully theirs and stood only for the honor of their ancestors. At the same time, however, the symbol was publicly claimed by those who challenged Black peoples humanitypeople like Byron De La Beckwith, a Mississippi white supremacist who murdered civil rights activistMedgar Evers in 1963 and who wore a Confederate flag pin on hislapel throughout his 1994trial. Riddle submitted his flag proposals to Stephen Foster Hale on February 21, 1861. Miles' flag lost out to the "Stars and Bars". These animals can sniff it out. A Confederate battle flag distinct from the flag of the Confederacy, the "Stars and Bars," was created following the first major battle of the Civil War, at Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia, in July 1861, because in the heat of battle soldiers and commanders confused the Stars and Bars with the Union army's "Stars and Stripes." The stars are usually arranged in a circle and number seven or more. The version produced even today for the Stars and Bars, or First National Confederate, features the original seven star pattern in the blue canton. He argued that the battle flag must be used, but it was necessary to emblazon it for a national flag, but as simply as possible, with a plain white field. They traveled to New Orleans from Ontario to unveil the flag. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. Pinterest. Why are there 13 stars on Confederate flags? Because of the large number of Tennessee regiments in this corps the flag is sometimes referred to as the Tennessee Moon flag. Historian Gaines M. Foster for Zcalo Public Square writes that its use was regional and tied to the memory of the war. (Toppling statues is a first step toward ending Confederate myths.). Bats and agaves make tequila possibleand theyre both at risk, This empress was the most dangerous woman in Rome. -"Letter from Richmond" by the Richmond correspondent of the, Journal of the Confederate Congress, Volume 6, p.477, John D. Wright, The Language of the Civil War, p.284, Healy, Donald T.; Orenski, Peter J. The largely residential area and its neighbors still have excellent bars to choose from that cater to different scene preferences. In a Feb. 10 memo to its public affairs offices, the Defense Department said that having service members carry the U.S. flag horizontally or land it on the ground after a parachute jump is no . The battle flag of Gen. Polks Corps saw action from Shiloh through the final surrender of the Army of Tennessee. Similarly the patriotic ladies of the South who prepared most of the company and regimental flags for the military units raised in the Southern states chose whatever proportions and sizes seemed aesthetic. Which travel companies promote harmful wildlife activities? [6] In explaining the white background of his design, Thompson wrote, "As a people, we are fighting to maintain the Heaven-ordained supremacy of the white man over the inferior or colored race; a white flag would thus be emblematical of our cause." Rogers defended his redesign as symbolizing the primary origins of the people of the Confederacy, with the saltire of the Scottish flag and the red bar from the flag of France, and having "as little as possible of the Yankee blue" the Union Army wore blue, the Confederates gray.[13]. The 'extreme cruelty' around the global trade in frog legs, What does cancer smell like? When the American Civil War broke out, the "Stars and Bars" confused the battlefield at the First Battle of Bull Run because of its similarity to the U.S. (or Union) flag, especially when it was hanging limp on its flagstaff. Perry was a former colonel in the Confederate army during the war, and he presumably based the design on the First National Flag of the Confederacy, commonly known as the Stars and Bars. The blue color of the diagonal saltire's "Southern Cross" was much lighter than the battle flag's dark blue. The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. [citation needed]. In 1989 friends of Memorial Hall paid for the conservation of a Confederate Battle Flag given to the museum by Rene Beauregard, son of General PGT Beauregard. But it didnt look like that from a distanceand in the thick of battle, it was hard to tell the two apart. Stars and bars may refer to: Stars and Bars (flag), the first (1861-1863) flag of the Confederate States of America Stars and Bars (1988 film), 1988 comedy starring Daniel Day-Lewis Stars and Bars (1917 film), 1917 silent film comedy directed by Victor Heerman Activist and filmmaker Brittany "Bree" Newsome climbed a 30-foot pole outside of the South Carolina state capitol to remove the Confederate flag weeks after a shooting at a predominantly Black Charleston church in 2015. However, Miles' flag was not well received by the rest of the Congress. Efforts to memorialize the Confederate dead also began as soon as the war ended, but they ballooned as white Southerners reclaimed their power after Reconstruction. It was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama, and is said to resemble the Flag of Austria, with which Marschall would have been familiar. The Congress inspected two other finalist designs on March 4: One was a "Blue ring or circle on a field of red", while the other consisted of alternating red and blue stripes with a blue canton containing stars. [56][57] A YouGov poll in 2020 of more than 34,000 Americans reported that 41% viewed the flag as representing racism, and 34% viewed it as symbolizing southern heritage. Many restored flags are always on display. PD. President Jefferson Davis arrived by train at Fairfax Station soon after and was shown the design for the new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House. In an effort to avoid the visual confusion, General Pierre Beauregardcommissioned a new battle flag design. But the battle flag has since been claimed by white supremacists and mythologized by others as an emblem of a rebellious Southern heritage. As word spread about the conservation program the flag of the 10th Louisiana Infantry was adopted by a Canadian Reenacting Group that portrayed the unit. The flag that Miles had favored when he was chairman of the "Committee on the Flag and Seal" eventually became the battle flag and, ultimately, the Confederacy's most popular flag. Its popularity persisted, and over the ensuing decades, the battle flag became a generic symbol of rebellion spotted on TV shows like The Dukes of Hazzardand on stage with bands likeLynyrd Skynyrd. FIRST NATIONAL FLAGS FOR THE CONFEDERATE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. While others were wildly different, many of which were very complex and extravagant, these were largely discounted due to the being too complicated and expensive to produce. The Bonnie Blue gained popularity throughout the South through the song THE BONNIE BLUE FLAG written by Harry McCarthy in 1861. 1861 until 1 May 1863. By Devereaux D. Cannon, Jr. 25 January 2000. If Miles had not been eager to conciliate the Southern Jews, his flag would have used the traditional upright "Saint George's Cross" (as used on the flag of England, a red cross on a white field). [49], Though never having historically represented the Confederate States of America as a country, nor having been officially recognized as one of its national flags, the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia and its variants are now flag types commonly referred to as the Confederate Flag. [47], The Second Confederate Navy Jack was a rectangular cousin of the Confederate Army's battle flag and was in use from 1863 until 1865. The Stars and Bars, which the Confederate Congress had adopted in March 1861 because it resembled the once-beloved Stars and Stripes, proved impractical and even dangerous on the battlefield because of that resemblance. The 12th star represented Missouri. The three states with coasts along the Gulf (Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana) accounted for 39 flags in the survey. ), led to the assumption that it was, as it has been termed, "the soldier's flag" or "the Confederate battle flag. "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. "Neither Arkansas nor Missouri enacted legislation to adopt an official State flag" (Cannon 2005, p. 48). A modification of that design was adopted on March 4, 1865, about a month before the end of the Read More symbolism of sovereignty March 4, 1861 The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted. When does spring start? In the center of the union a circle of white stars corresponding in number with the States in the Confederacy. The first Confederate national flag bore 7 stars representing the first seven states to secede from the U.S. and band together as the Confederate States of America: South Carolina, Mississippi . After the former was changed in 2001, the city of Trenton, Georgia has used a flag design nearly identical to the previous version with the battle flag. The union blue extending down through the white space and stopping at the lower red space. Although future official Confederate banners did incorporate its symbolism in the left-hand corner, they instead added a white field that represented purity. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a distinct battle flag. It was sometimes called "Beauregard's flag" or "the Virginia battle flag". These Confederate national colors seem to have measured 4 feet on their hoist by 5 1/2 feet on the fly. Were most of the flags made in the Confederacy sewn by hand or by sewing machine? Most famously, the "Bonnie Blue Flag" was used as an unofficial flag during the early months of 1861. William Porcher Miles, however, was not really happy with any of the proposals. Segregation and oppressiveJim Crow laws soon disenfranchised Black Southernersand members of the Ku Klux Klan terrorized them. The blue flag with the circle of white told the Yankees that they facing the troops of Gen. Wm. Over the years the flag was changed by adding and . Eco-friendly burial alternatives, explained. Also available below is a Vinyl Decal (suitable for outdoor use). The chairman was William Porcher Miles, who was also the Representative of South Carolina in the Confederate House of Representatives. Note, this is not to be confused with the Confederate Battle Flag. LEE. Reviews on 80s Bar in Brea, CA - That 80's Bar, Totally 80's Bar & Grille, Club 80's Bar and Grill, Sandy Llama, Flashbackz Lounge & Grill, FlashPants 80s Cover Band, Club Rock It, The Paradox Arcade + Bar, Stubby's, Mi Vida Loca Bar and Lounge [12], Due to the timing, very few of these third national flags were actually manufactured and put into use in the field, with many Confederates never seeing the flag. Can we bring a species back from the brink? The groundbreaking promise of cellular housekeeping. In addition to the Confederacy's national flags, a wide variety of flags and banners were flown by Southerners during the Civil War. As the Confederacy grew, so did the numbers of white stars on the ensign's dark blue canton: seven-, nine-, eleven-, and thirteen-star groupings were typical. national flag consisting of seven white stars on a blue canton with a field of three alternating stripes, two red and one white. The official version was to have the stars in a circle, with the number corresponding to the States actually admitted to the Confederacy. In 2000, the flag over the state house was removed, at the . The flags of the Confederate States of America have a history of three successive designs during the American Civil War. This flag saw action in the battles in the west. The ANV was never the official flag of the Confederacy and was not called The Stars and Bars. Hetty Cary and her sister and cousin made prototypes. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of Kentucky and Missouri joined in late 1861. But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America. Even a few fourteen- and fifteen-starred ensigns were made to include states expected to secede but never completely joined the Confederacy. Why wetlands are so critical for life on Earth, Rest in compost? On November 28, 1861, Confederate soldiers in General Robert E. Lee's newly reorganized Army of Northern Virginia received the new battle flags in ceremonies at Centreville and Manassas, Virginia, and carried them throughout the Civil War. While no standard proportions or sizes prevailed nationwide in the Confederate States of America, a survey of 112 identified company or regimental flags from the cis-Mississippi states that conform to the pattern of the Confederate 1st national flag does indicate that several regional variations do predominate. Heres why each season begins twice. Regiments carried flags to help commanders observe and assess battles in the warfare of the era. Military officers also voiced complaints about the flag being too white, for various reasons, such as the danger of being mistaken for a flag of truce, especially on naval ships where it was too easily soiled. [14][15] The original version of the flag featured a circle of seven white stars in the navy-blue canton, representing the seven states of the South that originally composed the Confederacy: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. [citation needed], The First Confederate Navy jacks, in use from 1861 to 1863, consisted of a circle of seven to fifteen five-pointed white stars against a field of "medium blue." Old cells hang around as we age, doing damage to the body. (Miles had originally planned to use a blue St. George's Cross like that of the South Carolina Sovereignty Flag, but was dissuaded from doing so.) It was also challenged by Black activists and their white allies. "[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], The Confederate Congress debated whether the white field should have a blue stripe and whether it should be bordered in red. Jefferson Davis State Historic Site & Museum. It is the most distinctive and popular emblem associated with the Confederacy. When their backs are against the wall, they turn to the flag, he says. Miles' flag and all the flag designs up to that point were rectangular ("oblong") in shape. at Vicksburg, Mississippi, 1863. It is commonly referred to as the Rebel Flag, and often mistakenly called the Stars & Bars. It resembles the Yankee flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." Georgia adopted a new state flag in 2000, which contained a small inset image of the 1956 flag, along with other historical flags. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. Blue Collar. The battle flag was also featured in the state flags of Georgia and Mississippi, although it was removed by the former in 2003 and the latter in 2020. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were part of the Confederacy. James B. Walton submitted a battle flag design essentially identical to Miles' except with an upright Saint George's cross, but Beauregard chose the diagonal cross design.[41]. Congress did not adopted a formal Act codifying this flag, but it is described in the Report of the Committee on Flag and Seal, in the following language: The flag of the Confederate States of America shall consist of a red field with a white space extending horizontally through the center, and equal in width to one-third the width of the flag. It was generally made with a 2:3 aspect ratio, but a few very wide 1:2 ratio ensigns still survive today in museums and private collections. Beauregard and Joseph Johnston urged that a new Confederate flag be designed for battle. The Confederacy adopted a total of three national flags before its collapse in 1865. were conserved soon after. The result was anything but uniformity in the colors carried by the armies that coallesced in the Shenandoah Valley and around Centreville in June. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. Interestingly, a significant number of Tennessee company and regimental 1st national flags were made of silk and were of very large size, often exceeding 8 feet on their flys. On 4 March 1861 the Confederate States of America adopted its first national flag, the "Stars and Bars", and raised it over the dome of the temporary capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.. The Stars and Bars' resemblance to the U.S. flag, combined with similarities between the two sides' uniforms and the general confusion of battle, contributed to an incident at First Manassas in which Confederate forces fired on a Confederate infantry brigade commanded by Jubal A. [16], One of the first acts of the Provisional Confederate Congress was to create the Committee on the Flag and Seal, chaired by William Porcher Miles, a Democratic congressman, and Fire-Eater from South Carolina. Long COVID patients turn to unproven treatments, Why evenings can be harder on people with dementia, This disease often goes under-diagnosedunless youre white, This sacred site could be Georgias first national park, See glow-in-the-dark mushrooms in Brazils other rainforest, 9 things to know about Holi, Indias most colorful festival, Anyone can discover a fossil on this beach. As might be expected for unit flags from the eleventh Confederate state, eight of the unit flags from this region bore eleven stars, all but one in a pure circle of eleven stars. One Congressman even mocked it as looking "like a pair of Suspenders". To this end, he proposed his own flag design featuring a blue saltire on white Fimbriation with a field of red. It was never the official flag of the Confederacy. Miles also told the Committee on the Flag and Seal about the general's complaints and request that the national flag be changed. Contributions can be made to the Memorial Hall Foundation by sending a check, using a credit card or by contributing through the website. [15], A monument in Louisburg, North Carolina, claims the "Stars and Bars" "was designed by a son of North Carolina / Orren Randolph Smith / and made under his direction by / Catherine Rebecca (Murphy) Winborne. "The present one is universally hated. Many different designs were proposed during the solicitation for a second Confederate national flag, nearly all based on the Battle Flag. In Texas, various lone star designs were used during the was for Texas Independence in 1836. The "Van Dorn battle flag" was also carried by Confederate troops fighting in the Trans-Mississippi and Western theaters of war. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. Our acid dye process saturates right through the flag producing deep and vivid colors that never crack or peel. A white rectangle, one-and-a-half times as wide as it is tall, a red vertical stripe on the far right of the rectangle, a red quadrilateral in the canton, inside the canton is a blue saltire with white outlining, with thirteen white five-pointed stars of equal size inside the saltire. [31] Gray stated that the white field represented "purity, truth, and freedom. Many of the proposed designs paid homage to the Stars and Stripes, due to a nostalgia in early 1861 that many of the new Confederate citizens felt towards the Union. Not according to biology or history. 1st National Confederate Flag 7 Star Stars and Bars Confederate 1st National Cotton Flag 4 x 6 ft. $ 109.95. Hundreds of examples were submitted from across the Confederate States and from states that were not yet part of Confederacy (e.g. The Dixiecrats adoption of the Confederate battle flag as a party symbol led to a surge in the banners popularity, and a flag fad spread from college campuses to Korean War battlefields and beyond. STARS AND BARS Images of 7 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. The original flag of the Confederate States of America, commonly known as the STARS AND BARS, was approved by the Congress of the Provisional Government of the Confederate States, and first hoisted over the capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, on the afternoon of the 4th day of March, 1861. The First Official Flag of the Confederacy. It was not unusual to visit a Civil War reenactment and see the groups selling bowls of beans for $3.00 with the proceeds going toward the flag conservation program. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. The Bonnie Blue Flag is on the right. From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. On April 23, 1863, the Savannah Morning News editor William Tappan Thompson, with assistance from William Ross Postell, a Confederate blockade runner, published an editorial championing a design featuring the battle flag on a white background he referred to later as "The White Man's Flag," a name which never caught on. E arly in the war, most regiments carried the Confederate First National flag (the "Stars and Bars") or their state's flag since the Confederacy did not have an official battle flag. [note 4][20] The first showing of the 13-star flag was outside the Ben Johnson House in Bardstown, Kentucky; the 13-star design was also in use as the Confederate navy's battle ensign[citation needed]. The flag was issued in the fall of 1861. From then on, the battle flag grew in its identification with the Confederacy and the South in general. These authentic cotton flags are hard to find and may disappear at some point. The name derived from the blue canton with a circle of white stars and the three red, white, and red bars in the flag's field. 04 Mar 2023 21:30:08
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