There has never been any written or unwritten agreement or understanding between the Taliban and the Hazaras, he told Radio Free Afghanistan. To make matters confusing, though, Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims and Hazaras are Shi'a Muslims. They primarily worship a single god named as Allah. We are all human being then Muslims and then Afghans. The social hierarchy that declares the Hazara people below Amir, shows how the long history of discrimination is hard to overcome. Individuals also shaped Amirs character. One of the most important dilemmas was the ethnic differences between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras. One of the most brutal events took place in the city of Mazar-i-Sharif in 1998, when thousands of Hazaras were systematically executed, according to a Human Rights Watch report . Hassan also grows up in Amirs backyard and they spend most of their time playing together, however their difference in religion sets them apart. Early sweet peppers are a great addition to any garden. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Millions of people around the world are discriminated against, but Hazaras and Shias especially know the struggle of this, constantly being put at the bottom of the social class and knowing unfair treatment all too well. In 1993, President Burhanuddin Rabbani, worried by the positions that Hazara armed groups had taken in Kabuls Shia-majority areas, decided to launch an offensive against them. You put a Pashtun next to a sindhi or us next to a tamil. 1 What are the main differences between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? Human Rights Watch estimated that at least 2,000 people of different ethnic communities, including Hazaras, were killed and according to estimates by Hazara groups, the death toll may be as high as15,000. There is no single theory about the acceptance of the Shia Islam by the Hazaras. Significant communities of Hazara also exist in Iran and Baluchistan (Pakistan). The Hazaras are said to be descendants of Genghis Khan, the founder of the Mongol empire, and the Mongol soldiers who swept through the region in the 13th century. The risk of ethnic cleansing and evengenocidethat they face should be a matter of international concern and international human rights bodies need to take action. June 22, 2022 . The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words. This is an important theme throughout the novel as it will drastically affect the relation between Amir and Hassan because one is a Pashtun and one is . Mentioned among the Basseri and the Shahsevan of Iran, Footnote 16 this practice also existed in Afghanistan before 1978 between Pashtun nomads and Hazara farmers, even though their relations were often tense. Why can the Pashtuns and Hazara people be together? I am Hezara in Islam there is no Shia Sunni? They tell stories of their history, their ancestors, and their heroes. Amir has to face that fact he is disloyal to his relationship with Hassan and begins personal growth. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini purposely utilizes setting to play a pivotal role in the portrayal of an important focus when narrating a post 9/11 Afghan and American novel. This article was most recently revised and updated by. Their major divide is over how leadership of Islam should be determined. Pashtu, written in the Perso-Arabic script. Comparatively, The kite runner, explores the disparity created by differences in cultural backgrounds. The caste system played a major part in the violence Amir experienced in this story. Hazara youth were quick to embrace all forms of education and emerged at the forefront of social change initiatives, while Hazara women pushed for womens emancipation. During the countrys civil war and subsequent Taliban rule during the 1990s, the Taliban declared war on the Hazara. They are Shia, mostly of theTwelversect, whilesomeareIsmaili and Sunni. What is the relationship between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? Lantern, vol. What happened between the Pashtuns and Hazaras? They mostly speak the Pashto language (a language from Indo-Iranian language family). Afghanistan is a multiethnic society consisting of a wide variety of ethno linguistic groups. Hassan, a hare-lipped Hazara boy in the novel, feels the pain and torture of simply being who he was and endures the hardships of his ethnicity, but yet he never complains or wishes to change who he is, symbolizing his bravery. Interviews with several Ghazni residents established that under such an understanding the Taliban allowed schools, other government institutions, services, and projects to function unhindered in Hazara communities while preventing them from operating in Pashtun-populated regions. He says an increase in the number of rural territories controlled by the Taliban has prompted authorities across the country to engage in secret local deals. Intense shelling, arbitrary killings of civilians and targeting of Hazara men resulted inhundreds killedand forcibly disappeared. Hazara people look distinctly different than the rest of the people in Afghanistan, as they have many Asian features. Footnote 14 Their way of interacting has some similarities with friendship, even if the terms dust, yar or rafiq . Lets get united and defend our land and love ones from our enemies. The Pashtun dancers But Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kyrghyz etc. The Hazaras are discriminated against and looked down upon. (LogOut/ The Taliban referred to the IS militants as Uzbekistanis to distinguish them from Uzbeks in Afghanistan. Hazaras women produce handmade coats, overcoats, sweaters, jackets, shoes, hats, gloves, and scarves. Whats the difference between the Pashtuns and the Hazaras? Upon reading this quote, readers understand that the Pashtuns are the superior authority, treating the Hazaras like a plain servant in which they do all the chores and cleaning in the household. The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, although fiction, engages and allows the reader to have an inside view on the Afghani religion and culture. They were viewed differently because of their Mongolian features and unknown history. In 2015, Taliban militants killed dissident Taliban commander Mansoor Dadullah. Also the two groups have different ethnic cultures as well as speak different languages. While it is presumed that Iran may come to the protection of Shia minorities, it did not come to the aid of Hazaras during themassacresof 1998 and has not taken any serious action since the Taliban took over Kabul in mid-August. Tehran supported the Taliban in its fight against the US and even hosted some of its leaders; its policies towards Afghanistan are built on its perceived national interest. Hazaras are looked down upon due to their differences in appearance and beliefs. Other reason why the Hazaras have been discriminated by Pashtun is their appearance that look like Chinese people. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. Violence in the kite runner is one of the biggest factors that shapes Amirs life. Key Difference: Hazaras are members of an Afghan ethnic minority group, whereas the Pashtuns are a united group of tribes composing the largest ethnic group of Afghanistan. No your are wrong most of the hazars are Shia not Sunni. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty 2023 RFE/RL, Inc. All Rights Reserved. There are different schools of thought, says Ruttig. The Hazaras say they are considered outsiders in their own country and have been persecuted throughout history. The Hazaras are also seen as the weakest and poorest race in Afghanistan, so that they are easily subjected to be killed, insulted, and tortured by Pashtuns. He was sheltering Uzbek militants loyal to the Islamic State (IS). Their ethnic differences tore them apart causing a great deal of discrimination and cruelty. Therefore, if there was no conflict between the Hazara and Pashtun people, Hassan could have still been living today, alongside his brother Amir! Turks and Pashtun Afghans do not belong to same ethnic group. Amirs self image at the beginning of the novel is one in which he views himself as a coward, worthless and selfish. They largely avoided interfering in each others affairs during all these years.. Together we can be strong, free and happy. The vast treeless mountains that dominate the landscape are used chiefly for pasturing sheep. Concentrated in the mountainous central region of Afghanistan. Afghanistan is the land of the Pashtunsnot the flat-nosed Hazaras, these people pollute our homeland. Women wear bright colours and of lighter weights. His best friend Hassan lives with him and is his best friend. That is why people, like Assef, thought that they could treat . Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. Each person interprets the impact of the role of belief and social status differently, while all living in the same setting, adding to their complexity and depth as a character in the novel with many different figures tied together by the same geographical and cultural conditions. For centuries, the stone sentinels stood watch over the Silk Road. The majority of Afghanistans population practice Sunni Islam, this may have contributed to the discrimination against them. Hazaras and Pushtons are two different ethnic groups of Afghanistan. Pashtuns and Hazaras differ in terms of religious beliefs, cultural practices, social status, and physical appearances. While in power, Khan used the government to force all the people into the Kazarasjat Mountains. As one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, the Hazara people have enduredvarious forms of oppressionfrom Pashtun rulers and governments, including slavery, systematic expulsion from ancestral homes and lands, and massacres. Despite being one of the principal population elements of Afghanistan, the origins of the Hazara people have not been fully reconstructed. Mutmaeen says the episode generated some goodwill between the Taliban and the Hazaras. If there was no fight between the Hazara and Pashtun people, then Baba would have been able to claim Hassan as his son. Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan, comprising nearly half of the countrys estimated 30 million people, while Hazaras make up some 10 percent of the population and have been persecuted historically. In 2013, German restorers from a UNESCO advisory body built pillars with feet-like bases on the site, reigniting the debate. Due to the persecution of the Hazara people in Afghanistan and Pakistan, in 2012 he sought asylum by boat in Australia. Amir is a Pashtun, with a higher status and his servant , Hassan, is a Hazara. Over a century we have been divided by our enemies (divide and role) and look where we are? similarities between Pashtun and Hazara At least 5 please :) Expert Answer Answer:- Some of the key facts that I am presenting to you- you can see the similarities on the basis of Hazara Centered in the mountainous central region of Afghanistan. Therefore, it is unlikely that it would take any significant steps to protect the Shia of Afghanistan. These two groups have been in conflict for many years. The Pashtuns make up over 40 percent of the population . Hazara Afghans are among the millions of refugees fleeing to Europe in search of a better future. A history of atrocities against the Hazaras As one of the largest ethnic groups in Afghanistan, the Hazara people have endured various forms of oppression from Pashtun rulers and governments,. cousins seem to be less common among the Hazaras than marriages between cross-cousins.12 In Pashto, tarbor means both "paternal cousin" and "rival."913 This word is known and used by Hazaras from Jaghori and Qarabagh. Since 2015, the emergence of the even more extreme Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP) unleashed an even deadlierwave of attackson the Hazara population, with suicide bombers targeting schools, mosques and even hospitals in Hazara neighbourhoods. The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini is a commentary on the social conditions in Afghanistan as shown through the roles of women and men in society and the ideals of Afghan culture. Over the following decades, Hazarascontinuedto face repression, discrimination and socio-economic marginalisation. One of the main differences between the Hazara and Pashtun is their social status. The Pashtuns are of the Sunni religion whereas the Hazaras are the Shia, however both groups are considered Muslims; this is similar to Protestants and Catholics within Christianity. Chinese Granite; Imported Granite; Chinese Marble; Imported Marble; China Slate & Sandstone; Quartz stone What kind of religion are the Hazaras of Afghanistan? Hazara leaders, for their part, deny they had engaged in any written or verbal understanding with the insurgents. Thats one thing Shia people do well, he said, picking up the papers, passing themselves as martyrs. He wrinkled his nose when he said the word Shia, like it was some kind of disease (Hosseini 9-10). Hazaras live in the central mountains of Afghanistan. The Pashtuns and Hazaras are two particular ethnic groups that have clashed throughout history. Hazara, also spelled azra, ethnolinguistic group originally from the mountainous region of central Afghanistan, known as Hazrajt. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. They are racially and socially inferior. The exact number of Hazara is unknownestimates vary wildlybut the total reckons confidently in the millions. It is also not surprising that, despite the insistence by the Taliban that it can provide security and peace in Afghanistan, ISKP has continued its deadly attacks against the Hazaras. (LogOut/ He waged a brutal war against the community, which resulted in bloody massacres, looting and pillaging of homes, enslavement and the transfer of Hazara land to Pashtun tribes. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. Even in America, Amir tries to bury his past, but he is always reminded of it. Corrections? Social conditions are what shape a country. Paul Kane High School - English 30-1 - Kite Runner, Pashtun and Hazara are two words that are use a fair amount in the novel. The Hazara speak an eastern variety of Persian called Hazaragi with many Mongolian and Turkic words. The religious and cultural definition requires Pashtuns to be Muslim and follow the Pashtunwali codes. Poverty in the region and ongoing conflict since the Afghan War (197892) have dispersed many of the Hazara throughout Afghanistan. Shiite Muslims correspond with the Hazara ethnic group, but the Sunni Muslims correspond with the Pashtun ethnic group. The tw. Hazaras are also considered to be Turko-Mongol as they look like Mongolians and East Asians whereas they share a cultural background with the Turkic people of Central Asia. The Taliban find out and dont believe they are living there because they are Hazara. = 768 && window.innerWidth<1180" Sew unique designs on their clothes and wear small hats made of silk. The Taliban leadership may have moderated its rhetoric to please the international community, claiming that it will protect all ethnic groups, but it has done nothing to stem the growing number of crimes being committed by its fighters. incomprehensible extent. Hazaras are an ultimately low class in Afghanistan with very minimal rights. Answer (1 of 6): Similar, to an extent Persian and Pashto are two languages that are similar to each other in a number of ways, however, the plurality of the word I used (languages) shows that they are not mutually intelligible. This shows the hatred and disgust that the Sunni Muslims have for the Shia, and that the Sunni see the Shia as intruders that dont belong in Afghanistan. For example, government policies have excluded them from public service and capped their ranks in the military. After the withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1989, Afghanistan descended into civil war between various armed groups. The Kuchi-Hazara Conflict, Again. Mohammad Amin, a resident of Ghazni, agrees with Mutmaeen and says the fighting was prompted by the breakdown of the unwritten truce. Most of the Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims. Menu. Jatts definitely, pashtun are not known for heights, their average height is around 56, while in punjab jatts average height is 510 easily. 2020 marks both the International Year of the Nurse and Florence Nightingale's 200th birthday, making it the perfect time to recognize and celebrate the brave and selfless nurses all over the world. I am fighting against the Taliban and those attacking our civilians, he said. This discrimination affects every age group in Afghanistan, and affects each of those individuals, mental and physical health (Pascoe). Like Abdur Rahman Khan, the Taliban is mostly Pashtun people and does not tolerate Hazara people. Early Sweet Pepper Varieties: Which is Best for Your Climate and Taste? Another bombing of a Hazara mosque in Kandahar killed at least 47 people and wounded scores of others. This article has been written to provide a generalised information on these ethnic groups. The Taliban regime is accused of harshly persecuting the beleaguered minority during its stint in power in the 1990s. Whats the difference between a Pashtun and an Afghan? 27 Jun 2016. Some of the ethnic groups of the Afghanistan are Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Aimak, Turkmen, Baloch, Pashai and many more. This man, he said, was the main contact between Hazaras and the insurgents in Jaghori. Therefore, discrimination and slander towards Hazaras in the novel gives a strong sense of unequalness among the two ethnicities, Pashtuns and Hazaras, and is not considered virtuous among societies today. They generally reside in Southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. Company Information; FAQ; Stone Materials. The fighting was apparently provoked by the breakdown of a longstanding agreement between the two, according to former Taliban members and Ghazni locals. For people living here, it is clear there was an understanding between Hazaras and the Taliban for the past 17 years, he told Radio Free Afghanistan. Here we discuss some of the most popular early sweet pepper varieties, their characteristics, and how they fare in different climates. In The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini uses these intense conflicts to develop characters relationships and forces the reader to consider how the main characters loss of innocence stems from a need of approval and ethnic and religious discrimination. Sociological approach and theories on racism and racial discrimination are used in this study. The most common clothing is called perahan-u-tunban, which is similar to pajamas. Just another site who dismissed justice sajjad ali shah; jackson high school soccer; do military jets leave contrails A significant number are also followers of the Ismaili sect while a small number are Sunni Muslim. Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons, Counterintelligence Investigation vs Criminal Investigation. The violence that stems from discrimination is seen throughout the book. They live in fortified villages of flat-roofed houses of stone or mud built wall-to-wall around a central courtyard, overlooking the narrow valleys in which they cultivate rotating crops of barley, wheat, and legumes as well as various fruits and cucumbers. True Muslim speak truth. Copyright 2023, Difference Between | Descriptive Analysis and Comparisons. Nazar Muhammad Mutmaeen, a Kabul-based former Taliban official, says both the Taliban and Hazara community -- which is spread over several provinces in central Afghanistan -- largely respected an understanding that required them to keep out of each others affairs. If Hassan was never raped, then Amir would not have felt the guilt that he did. The only hope for the Hazara people is that the international community will stay true to its own commitments to human rights and pressure the Taliban into concessions. Many are even foreigners and not Afghan.. The Taliban killed and targeted many of the Hazara people during their reign in Afghanistan. Hosseini expresses Amirs uncertain feelings toward Hassan which form the decisions he makes throughout the book. This is why the Taliban first attacked Shujae and then extended their fighting into Malistan and Jaghori districts in [neighboring Ghazni Province], he said. Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, explores the difficulties of Amirs friendships and relationships of himself to be committed to others while struggling with loyalty by using contextual Afghan traditional culture and history to influence the textual meaning of the storyline. To secure guarantees of Hazara rights and protection, it can leverage the aid the Taliban has requested. He says this agreement collapsed after fighting broke out between Hazara commander Abdul Hakim Shujae and the Taliban in Uruzgan Province in October. Where does the majority of the Hazara population live? The tragedy brought thousands on to the streets of Kabul to protest against the increasing violence towards Hazaras. The local Hazara population has been estimated at 500,000 people of which at least one third have spent more than half their life in Iran. Pashtuns, unlike the Hazaras, speak the language of Pashto and are Sunni Muslims. Hazara. Khaled Hosseini's novel entitled The Kite Runner is an American bestseller novel that represents racial conflict between the Pashtuns and Hazaras, two different races and ethnics in Afghanistan. The overwhelming majority ofPashtunsfollowSunniIslam. The Hazaras have been persecuted by Pashtun leaders, civil warlords, the Taliban, ISIS and others due to their Shi'a Muslim beliefs. In The Kite Runner, it not only causes some bad impacts to Hassan's psychological health but also causes a plan to commit the genocide, slavery, and oppression act toward the Hazaras. With so many varieties available, it can be hard to decide which one is best for your climate and taste preferences. It seems like everywhere, Amir, the protagonist, looks society seems into two parts. As every year around this time, violent clashes have erupted between local Hazaras and incoming Pashtun Kuchis in the pastures of Eastern Hazajarat. When the post-Taliban governance of Afghanistan was being set up at the Bonn Conference of 2001, Hazaras were estimated to make up 19 percent of the countrys population. Growing up, I experienced this with my best friend Zainab. Dari, a form of Persian, also called Khorasani Persian. Adult males wear turbans known as pagray. Hassan's social position is solely based on his being a Hazara. In August of the same year, Taliban fighters captured Mazar-e Sharif, a city in northern Afghanistan, going on a rampage targeting Tajiks, Uzbeks and particularly,Hazaras. One of the major differences between them is that they both generally follow different branches of Islam and thus their fundamental principles are different. id="publication-detail-page" Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Desi isnt a term for Baluch and Pashtun. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Little is known for certain about the origin of the Hazara, who may be of at least partial Mongol descent. Hazara activists say the government does not protect the interests of the Hazaras. Pashtun and hazara similarities between christianity. Pashtunwali is regarded to exist for almost 2000 years but it has undergone some changes. They have historically held a higher social status and have been more influential in politics and society. Their Asiatic features and language a dialect of Persian set them apart from other Afghans, including the predominant ethnic Pashtun. Unfortunately, the Taliban continued to harass and murder the Hazara people while they were in power. Difference Between Pashtun And Hazara. This fact is critical to understanding Hazaragi's history and more importantly its future. Pashtun as the majority race and ethnic in Afghanistan is Sunni Moslem while Hazara is Shi'a. Pashtuns do not have a distinct look like the Hazara, because they have Middle Eastern features. Because of the contrasting history of the two groups, their responses to the Taliban's takeover of Kabul were complete opposites. This shows the hatred and disgust that the Sunni Muslims have for the Shia, and that the Sunni see the Shia as intruders that don't belong in Afghanistan. Amirs decision to do nothing has major consequences that he must deal with. Hazaras mostly follow Shia version of Islam. What happened in 2015 was, from the Hazara point of view, the first time they could really definitively say it is happening to simple Hazaras, not people working for the government, says Chiovenda. In Mazar-e-Sharif, a local Taliban court decided to expel some 2,000 families, again based on false claims that they do not own their homes. Expectedly, no Hazara representative was included in the Taliban governmentannouncedin September. Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire in the early 16th century, records the name "Hazara" in Baburnama, and he has mentioned "Hazara" as "Turkoman Hazaras" several times. Abductions, extortions and violent killings by groups operating under the banner of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS) continue to take place. The Hazaras were though of as servants or less than most during this time in Afghanistan. Alteration Among | Colourful Assay afterwards Comparisons Answer Alteration: Hazaras are members of an Afghan cultural marginal assemblage, where the Pashtuns are a cohesive assemblage of tribes composing the largest cultural assemblage of Afghanistan. This idea explains the main injustice that Hosseini presents the reader, conflicts between the religion of the Hazaras and Pashtuns. Later in the book, Hassan and his wife are staying at Babas old house. long live Afghanistan. Hazaras believe in the superstitions that are common in the country. Most of them are Shii Muslims of the Twelver faith, although some are Ismal or Sunni. Significant communities of Hazara also exist in Iran and Baluchistan (Pakistan). The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund have already stopped payments to Kabul, while the US has frozen the countrys assets held on US territory. The emphasis placed upon the discrimination of Hazaras by the Pashtuns not only informs the readers of the socio-economic relations in Afghanistan but also addresses a parallelism of harm towards Afghanis from Americans. They dirty our blood. The inclusive language at the beginning of the quote is aimed at the Pashtuns whereas the negative connotations of pollute and dirty emphasise the subservient position of the Hazaras in the Afghani society and thus losing their sense of placement within society. While the Taliban and other armed groups are targeting and committing human rights violations against the people of Afghanistan, the Hazara ethnic and religious population is especially athighrisk. Shujae had gone into the areas the Taliban had banned him from traveling to. Because of the contrasting history of the two groups, their responses to the Talibans takeover of Kabul were complete opposites. Big diffrence, in language, attitude, belifs, ways of doing things, culture and even looks. The return of the Taliban to power in Kabul has meant not only a rollback of the limited social gains the Hazaras had achieved, but also new atrocities against the community. If we are united no one would dare to break us. Whether the Buddhas should and can be rebuilt remains contested. The Pashtuns danced on [the] street, (Hosseini 200) while the Hazaras cried God help the Hazaras now (Hosseini 213). Amir and Hassan have different ethnic groups: Amir is Pashtun and Hassan is Hazara. Some beliefs include the evil eye, ghosts, and several other superstitions about animals and nighttime. Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. She has a BA in International Relations and Human Rights, and is currently undertaking her Juris Doctor (Law) at Monash University Law School in Australia. Fortunately, there are a few steps you can take to prevent and, Honour Nursing Professionals and Support American Farming Heritage with The Nightingale Project & True North 2022, The Nightingale Project and True North 2022: Celebrating Nurses and Preserving American Farming Heritage "They particularly targeted the Hazaras and repeatedly kidnapped them. The Pashtuns are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan. similarities between pashtuns and hazaras. If there was no fight between the Hazara and Pashtun people, then Baba would have been . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Gandhara Newsletter Snippet for Regions-GR-1868. 4, 2016. "They [IS] were attempting to pave the way for an ethnic war between Afghan ethnic groups, which prompted the Taliban to intervene." . Those living in rural areas were denied public services. Hazaras afterwards Pushtons are two another national groups of Afghanistan. Their official languages Pashto and Dari belong to Indo-Iranian (Indo-European) family. It examines his relationships with people at different levels in society and different social backgrounds, and the implications of the decisions he makes.The novel The Kite Runner provides ample evidence of the oppression of the minorities. Ajvarski, Donkey's Ear, Gatherer's Gold, Jimmy Nardello, Lipstick, Melrose, Gypsy F1 hybrid, Mareko Fana, Stocky Red Roaster, Red Wonder, Little Bells and Sirenevyi are all discussed here. In the novel, Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, the protagonist, Amir, is torn between two truths as he lived associated with different kinds of religious groups in Afghan society: Pashtuns and Hazaras.
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