I'm just telling you what we used and what we didn't use.". Whether it's tear gas, pepper spray, mace or pepper balls, all have one thing in common: they're chemical weapons. Certain individuals are still prohibited from possessing pepper spray, including minors under the age of 16, convicted felons, individuals convicted of certain drug offenses, individuals convicted of assault, and individuals convicted of misusing pepper spray. DUI arrests don't always lead to convictions in court. A fine of up to ten thousand dollars ($10,000). Police officers pepper spray a woman next to the Colorado State Capitol during protests on May 30, 2020, against the death of George Floyd at the hand of a now-former Minneapolis police officer. But she did not intend to injure or disfigure Mark. Examples: Gasoline has a flash point of approximately -40 degrees F. It is extremely flammable. Chap 238. There is associated shortness of breath, although studies performed with asthmatics have not produced any asthma attacks in those individuals, and monitoring is still needed for the individuals after exposure. Shouse Law Group has helped many citizens get charges reduced or dismissed, and keep their records clean. Most law enforcement pepper sprays use between 1.3% and 2%. The study of in-custody deaths, which follows a simi-lar study conducted in 1994,1 concluded that exposure to pepper spray was a . NASA warns of 3 skyscraper-sized asteroids headed toward Earth this week. It refers specifically to sulfuric acid and related compounds. It's true pepper balls, which contain a pepper spray-like irritant, have a different makeup than another chemical typical referred to as "tear gas" (and which USPP specifically says it. But he or she may still have to pay a fine and may be subject o various conditions of probation, such as: Many common legal defenses can help a defendant avoid conviction for assault with a caustic chemical. It inflames the mucous membranes in the eyes, nose, throat and lungs. The chemical irritants OC, CS and CN have military symbols because they are chemical weapons. Everybody went on a tangent saying 'Well, isn't a pepper ball tear gas?' There are many unanswered questions about the events. Increase the likelihood of being sentenced to probation instead of incarceration. Where the study also found many beneficial effects of capsaicin, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration released statements declaring exposure of employees to OC is an unnecessary health risk. Thankfully, they'll all miss. Reasonable belief of an imminent danger of being killed, injured, or touched unlawfully, Reasonable belief that force was needed to prevent that from happening, and. What counts a caustic chemical under California PC 244? To speak with our firm about your assault with caustic chemical case in Orlando, contact us online or call 407-228-3838 for a free consultation. Read more: They are given the military symbol OC, for oleoresin capsicum. Regular meetings with a probation officer. The language of the code section reads that: 244. Assault with caustic chemicals - PC 244. One pepper spray company even advertises its product as the most effective chemical irritant available.. During the argument, she picks up a mop bucket and throws the contents onto Mark. [36] Depending on the location, it may be legal to use for self-defense. - + ", " 22.10.2008 N 583 " , , ", " ", "Kad ena sa me sta obeou trestnho inu, bute preto opatrn a pripraven", "Regulations Prescribing Certain Firearms and other Weapons, Components and Parts of Weapons, Accessories, Cartridge Magazines, Ammunition and Projectiles as Prohibited or Restricted (SOR/98-462)", "Vancouver police warn of criminal charges for carrying bear spray in the city", "Pepper Spray | Transportation Security Administration", "Mace, Pepper Spray, Self-Defense Sprays and Stun Guns | mpdc", "States With Pepper Spray Restrictions | eBay", "Pepper Spray (Mace/Tear Gas) - Consumer Wiki", "Mass. New Zealand Prison Service made OC spray available for use in approved situations in 2013. [16], The Journal of Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science published a study that concluded that single exposure of the eye to OC is harmless, but repeated exposure can result in long-lasting changes in corneal sensitivity. They are sold via government-approved companies after performing a background verification. California law treats this offense as more serious than the unlawful use of tear gas. The active ingredient in pepper spray is oleoresin capsicum (OC) from chili peppers that . In general, victims are encouraged to blink vigorously in order to encourage tears, which will help flush the irritant from the eyes. "The point is we admitted to using what we used," Sgt. Previously, the ACLU found one death per 600 times police used spray, with 26 deaths in only a two year period . Senate Backs Purchase of Pepper Spray Without ID - Massachusetts news - Boston.com", "Florida Statues 790.01 Unlicensed carrying of concealed weapons or concealed firearms", "Florida Statues 790.053 Open carrying of weapons", "Michigan Penal Code 750.224d Self-defense spray or foam device", " 18.2-312. The second category of tear gas agents are pepper sprays and activate the TRPV1 pain receptor, the article said. We do not handle any of the following cases: And we do not handle any cases outside of California. Pepper spray can also be purchased concealed in items such as rings. 3. Further, the product cannot be camouflaged and must have a safety feature designed to prevent accidental discharge. In this section, we offer solutions for clearing up your prior record. Chemical burns are also known as caustic burns. Three times within the space of a month in the fall of 1997, Humboldt County law enforcement officers arrived at peaceful sit-in protests for the protection of Headwaters Forest and, using Q-tips or spray at close range, applied the caustic chemical agent pepper spray directly to the eyes of the seated activists.. "Vitriol"is one type of caustic substance. Two (2), three (3) or four (4) years in California state prison; and/or. Background. These chemicals, however, are not in pepper spray. Penal Code 244 also applies to flammable substances that have a flashpoint of 150 degrees Fahrenheit or less. Some brands have addressed this problem by means of an elliptically cone-shaped spray pattern. Police pepper-sprayed demonstrators at Central Station, following Saturdays major Black Lives Matter protest. [15] The duration of its effects depends on the strength of the spray; the average full effect lasts from 20 to 90 minutes, but eye irritation and redness can last for up to 24 hours. A wobbler is an offense that the prosecutor can charge as either: In lieu of the above, a judge may award misdemeanor (or summary) probation. (11G0142) (GU n. 157 del 8-7-2011)", "IX-705 Lietuvos Respublikos ginkl ir audmen kontrols statymas", "Tamsus paros metas ilgja: Pasak geriausi priemon apsiginti nuo plik", " 3 . Police also encourage vulnerable groups like pensioners, children, and women to carry pepper spray. Expert groups continue to recommend use of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with a doctor. Upon control, it will be confiscated and a verbal warning might be issued, Sprays that are not labelled "animal-defence spray" or do not bear the test mark of the. (Image credit: Michael Ciaglo/Getty Images), 'Runaway' black hole the size of 20 million suns found speeding through space with a trail of newborn stars behind it, Artificial sweetener may increase risk of heart attack and stroke, study finds. But because he did not splash kerosene on Reyna willfully and maliciously he is not guilty of assault with a caustic chemical. Other examples include chloropicrin (PS), which is also used as a fumigant (that is, a substance that uses fumes to disinfect an area); bromobenzylcyanide (CA); dibenzoxazepine (CR); and combinations of various agents. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). [32] by moving away from the source and to fresh air. Sugar and salt are chemical compounds, whereas pepper is a spice consisting of several combined chemical compounds. Whereas CS & CN have different receptors and were more toxic, he said in an email, referring to chloroacetophenone. Many people experience fear and are disoriented due to sudden restriction of vision even though it is temporary. It is an offense to use pepper spray on anyone for reasons other than self-defense. Nathan Baca, an investigative reporter with WUSA9 TV, reported that WUSA crews also picked up canisters that contained a CS agent on June 1, but USPP told the station it didnt use those canisters, either. This is derived from chilli peppers in a chemical process that dissolves and concentrates it into a liquid. Police officers are exempt from this law and permitted to carry pepper spray as part of their standard equipment. He said he believed the terms were used interchangeably- tear gas vs lacrimator. A lacrimator, of course, is a substance that produces tears, and both CS and OC do that. The definition under regulation states "any device designed to be used for the purpose of injuring, immobilizing or otherwise incapacitating any person by the discharge therefrom of (a) tear gas, Mace or other gas, or (b) any liquid, spray, powder or other substance that is capable of injuring, immobilizing or otherwise incapacitating any person" is a prohibited weapon. Spraying an attacker with pepper spray will irritate the eyes and respiratory passages, effectively disabling the attacker. ), Abrupt and extraordinarily aggressive dispersal of protesters at H and 16th with Trump about to speak from the Rose Garden. Pepper spray up to 4 Oz is permitted in checked baggage. The European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options Assessment (STOA) published in 1998 "An Appraisal of Technologies of Political Control"[18] [10], An emulsifier such as propylene glycol is used to suspend OC in water, and the suspension is then pressurized to make an aerosol pepper spray. Remove the patient from the area of exposure. Caustics are substances that burn or corrode via chemical reactions. [70], It is a federal offense to carry/ship pepper spray on a commercial airliner or possess it beyond the security metal detectors at the airport. A permit is required to obtain or carry pepper spray. Simple battery is a misdemeanor, punishable at most by: Assault with caustic chemicals is closely related to Penal Code 245a1 PC Californias law on assault with a deadly weapon (ADW). The chemical irritants OC, CS and CN have military symbols because they are chemical weapons. Shortly before Trump delivered remarks in the Rose Garden, U.S. Park Police began clearing out protesters in Lafayette Square, just north of the White House. Chemical warfare agents have been used twice in Sydney in the past week alone. you did not buy, possess, or use tear gas, and/or, you did not buy, possess, or use tear gas.. 4.1. There is no evidence that these are effective for the treatment or prevention of any type of cancer whatsoever, but they are repeatedly touted as an alternative cancer remedy. of the chemical. Penal Code 244 PC sets forth the California law as toassault with caustic chemicals. This section makes it a crime to throw or place caustic or flammable substances on someone with the intent to injure or disfigure that person. Q: Is the use of acetaminophen during pregnancy linked to autism or ADHD? So I thought Id clear the air about what makes pepper spray such a powerful chemical irritant, and a chemical weapon. A key requirement under Penal Code 244 is that the defendant acted willfully and maliciously. It is of importance to note that a chemical can exist either as a liquid, solid or even as a gas. Unlike tear gas, that wears off fairly quickly, pepper spray will continue to be painful for 30 minutes or more and discomfort may be experienced for hours. In the great majority of cases, the management of topical chemical burns consists of the following general steps: Ensure protection of rescuers and health care workers from exposure. There are four crimes related to possessing/using tear gas. The US Army performed studies in 1993 at Aberdeen Proving Ground, and a UNC study in 2000 stated that the compound in peppers, capsaicin, is mildly mutagenic, and 10% of mice exposed to it developed cancer. Trump has been criticized for the chain of events. Sugar, salt and pepper are among the most often-used kitchen ingredients. The chemical formula is C18H27NO3. Not only do they not work for this purpose, apricot kernels naturally have shockingly high levels of cyanide and some people with cancer have given themselves cyanide poisoning from eating the kernels or products derived from them. The combined effects of pepper spray can last anywhere from 15 minutes to more than an hour. In all 27 cases listed by the ACLU, the coroners' report listed other factors as the primary cause of death; in a few cases the use of pepper spray may have been a contributing factor. A felony conviction is punishable by imprisonment in state prison for up to three years. In the 1920s, the Geneva Protocol was enacted to ban the use of indiscriminate and often ineffective chemical weapons on the battlefield. Assault with caustic chemicals PC 244, 4.3. California Penal Code 22810 PC makes it a crime to buy, possess, or use tear gas other than for lawful self-defense. If no warrant, then they must have a legal excuse for not having one. Persons over age 14 may carry personal-protection spray devices with their legal guardian's consent. As used in this section, flammable substance means gasoline, petroleum products, or flammable liquids with a flashpoint of 150 degrees Fahrenheit or less.. 1.2. So Scott breaks into his neighbor Reynas garage and steals a tank of kerosene. As used in this section, flammable substance means gasoline, petroleum products, or flammable liquids with a flashpoint of 150 degrees Fahrenheit or less. [30] Police are trained to repeatedly instruct targets to breathe normally if they complain of difficulty, as the shock of the exposure can generate considerable panic as opposed to actual physical symptoms. Heres how it works. Local CBS reporters on the scene of the incident recovered still-warm spent canisters labeled Spede-Heat CS, as well as canisters labeled Skat Shell OC. University of Melbourne provides funding as a founding partner of The Conversation AU. Use has not been inducted on the law enforcement officer's arsenal. They can be carried by anyone without further registration or permission. And it's like, 'I don't know.' The product is delivered differently than pepper spray (which is sprayed from a canister), but the results are the same. Pepper balls are fired from rifles and can also cause severe harm due to traumatic projectile injuries when the balls or canisters fired at protesters hit people in the head, neck, or face. With the intent to injure the other persons flesh or disfigure his/her body. Visit our California DUI page to learn more. For a limited time, you can take out a digital subscription to any of our best-selling science magazines for just $2.38 per month, or 45% off the standard price for the first three months. Justice Christine Wheeler ruled in his favor, thereby legalizing pepper spray in the state on a case-by-case basis for those who are able to show a reasonable excuse. The state of California views and identifies pepper spray as a practical means for their residents to safeguard . It can also cause corneal abrasions if youre shooting it directly into someones eyes., The CDC calls these agents riot control agents in a fact sheet, saying they are sometimes referred to as tear gas' and are chemical compounds that temporarily make people unable to function by causing irritation to the eyes, mouth, throat, lungs, and skin. The CDC mentions pepper spray as one of those agents. Caustic chemicals, on the other hand, are defined as substances that can cause damage or burn through, by means of chemical action. So while she may be guilty of the crime of 242 PC battery she is not guilty of assault with a caustic chemical. Rather, tear gas refers to any weaponised irritant used to immobilise people. Anne Calverley, "Judge clears use of pepper spray", Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 04:20, police sprayed peaceful protestors at University of California, Davis in 2011, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "What is pepper spray, and is it dangerous? Direct close-range spray can cause more serious eye irritation by attacking the cornea with a concentrated stream of liquid (the so-called "hydraulic needle" effect). If sentenced to probation, the defendant will serve at most up to a year in county jail. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. (That's 18 carbon atoms, 27 hydrogen atoms, an atom of nitrogen and three oxygen atoms per molecule. Pepper spray, oleoresin capsicum spray, OC spray, capsaicin spray, or capsicum spray is a inflammatory agent (a compound that irritates the eyes to cause a burning sensation, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. You need an experienced criminal defense attorney to stand by you in court. It has been used for years against demonstrators and aggressive animals like bears. They were so pleasant and knowledgeable when I contacted them. Pepper spray handguns can be bought and carried without any license by anyone over 18. They found no lasting decrease in visual acuity.[17]. Definitely recommend! of Pepper Spray The North Carolina study found that the number of injuries to police officers and suspects decreased after pepper spray was introduced. A fine of up to two thousand dollars ($2,000). Senior Lecturer in Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne. The defendant acted in self-defense or defense of others. So pepper spray isnt just chili juice in a can. PC 244 assault with caustic chemicals is a felony in California. Chemicals, chemical compounds & gases - | Cambridge SMART Vocabulary Pepper spray use continues to be debated, and the skepticism about this unpredictable weapon is growing. There is much debate over the actual cause of death in these cases. CS, the chemical Delgado said USPP didnt use, is the first category of TRPA1-activating agents, which also include CR gas (dibenzoxazepine) and CN gas (chloroacetophenone, also used in bear spray), Scientific American said. Example: Corinne is fighting with her co-worker Mark in the company breakroom. Rubbing will intensify the burn. (e)(1)No person shall purchase, possess, or use any tear gas weapon that expels a projectile, or that expels the tear gas by any method other than an aerosol spray, or that contains more than 2.5 ounces net weight of aerosol spray. Lexis 5028, were previously convicted of a felony or crime involving. The first commercial product of its type, Litman's design packaged phenacyl chloride (CN) tear gas dissolved in hydrocarbon solvents into a small aerosol spray can, usable in many environments and strong enough to act as a deterrent and incapacitant when sprayed in the face. Whether its tear gas, pepper spray, mace or pepper balls, all have one thing in common: theyre chemical weapons. How Scientists Measure Spiciness", "Red Pepper Spray Ingredients and Formula", "Bear Spray Vs. She criticized the use of these agents, saying they are called non-lethal but severe injuries and even deaths have been documented. Shouse Law Group has wonderful customer service. 22810. Research tells us that pepper spray acts as a potent inflammatory agent. For example, many of us enjoy eating hot peppers as part of food, but do not enjoy the experience of accidentally rubbing our eyes after preparing said hot peppers. 28.) Self-defense (or defense of another) is a valid legal defense to charges of assault with caustic chemicals. Civilians may carry canisters filled with maximum 20 grams (0.71oz) of any other, However, there is no restriction for pepper. Please note: Our firm only handles criminal and DUI cases, and only in California. "Most" law enforcement grade pepper spray is measured anywhere from 500,000 to 2,000,000 SHU, which gives a median number of 1,250,000. A fine of up to one thousand dollars ($1,000). The study by two universities stressed that no pressure should be applied to the neck area. "I think the term 'tear gas' doesn't even matter anymore. The units may not have an effective range of over 20 feet (6.1m) and must have an effective range of six feet (1.8m). Thomas Kearney, associate dean and professor in theDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy at theUniversity of California San Francisco and co-author of a 2014 study on pepper spray injuries, told us he didnt have knowledge about these particular pepper ball devices, but that the USPP was probably referring to an OC containing lacrimator. What is the safety of "pepper spray" use by law enforcement or mental health service staff? Penal Code 22910 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to change, alter, or remove the name of the manufacturer, the serial number, or any identification mark on a tear gas weapon. Vitriol is one type of caustic substance. Corinne doesnt realize there is anything other than dirty mop water in the bucket. DUI arrests don't always lead to convictions in court. Participation in individual or group therapy, Performance of community service or community labor, and/or. A misdemeanor conviction is punishable by custody in county jail for up to one year. A defendant who uses a caustic chemical, such as mace or pepper spray, to threaten or immobilize a robbery victim is subject to a "dangerous or deadly weapon" enhancement, the Court of Appeal for this district ruled yesterday. ", Delgado went on to say that the park police used smoke canisters and pepper balls on the protestors. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the most common chemicals classified as "tear gas" are chloroacetophenone (CN) and chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS), both of which cause the eyes to water heavily and which can damage tissue. possessing tear gas is illegal if done by a narcotic addict. Unpub. [22], The head of the FBI's Less-Than-Lethal Weapons Program at the time of the 1991 study, Special Agent Thomas W. W. Ward, was fired by the FBI and was sentenced to two months in prison for receiving payments from a pepper-gas manufacturer while conducting and authoring the FBI study that eventually approved pepper spray for FBI use. Some of the kerosene splashes into Reynas eyes. More specifically, tear gas is often used to describe weapons that disperse their irritants in the air either as liquid aerosol droplets (such as gas canisters), or as a powder (such as pepper balls). Gasoline is a flammable liquid covered by Californias assault with caustic chemicals law. Such devices are classified as "arms" under the "Laws of Hong Kong". A true loss of vision signifies a very serious burn. So, why can police use them? CRC is the pain-producing component of the OC that produces the burning sensation. These include showing that: This statute acts as a defense if you use tear gas in defense of yourself or others. The Cambridge English dictionary defines a chemical as any basic substance that is used in or produced by a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules and chemistry as; the scientific study of the basic characteristics of substances and the ways in which they react or combine. Several chemists on twitter were quick to respond with reasoned debunking of why AG Barrs comments were incorrect. In California, pepper spray is often used to disable a variety of attackers, including humans, dogs, bears, and mountain lions. A caustic chemical under Penal Code section 244 is any corrosive, flammable substance that can burn living tissue. Despite assertions to the contrary by Attorney General William Barr, pepper spray is a chemical. Deploying chemical irritants against peaceful protestors in a public park to clear a path for President Trump to pose for photos was an egregious, dangerous, and excessive abuse of force, Mishori said. It should unequivocally be considered a type of tear gas. Penal Code 244 PC is Californias law on assault with caustic chemicals. It makes it a crime to: As used in this section, a flammable substance means: Penal Code 171.7 PC is the California statute that makes it a crime to: A sterile area means any part of a PTF that is controlled in a manner consistent with the facilitys security plan. Containing a payload not exceeding 20ml (0.70impfloz; 0.68USfloz), with a percentage of Oleoresin Capsicum not exceeding 10% and a maximum concentration of. Acid, Kerosene, gasoline, petroleum products, or flammable liquids with one hundred fifty degrees Fahrenheit or less are examples of caustic chemicals under Penal Code section 244. The list of covered munitions included pepper balls.. Technically, pepper spray and other tear gases are classified as lachrymatory agents. ", "276 F3d 1125 Headwaters Forest Defense and Molly Burton v. The Coun", "Pepper Spray's Fallout, From Crowd Control to Mocking Images", "10 Inventors Who Came to Regret Their Creations", "Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Use of Police Implements and Arms by the People's Police", "Effects of Oleoresin Capsicum Pepper Spray on Human Corneal Morphology and Sensitivity - Vesaluoma et al. Eduardo Delgado, the spokesperson for the U.S. Park Police, told a Vox reporter. Being accused or arrested for a crime does not necessarily mean you will be convicted in court. (3)After January 1, 1984, every tear gas container and tear gas weapon that may be lawfully purchased, possessed, and used pursuant to this section shall have a label that discloses the date on which the useful life of the tear gas weapon expires. 3.1 Heating Solutions from Powerblanket. The defendant did not intend to injure or disfigure the other person. Serve a sentence in jail instead of prison, or. They were used to clear protesters from a public park so President Donald Trump could walk from the White House to a nearby church for a photo opportunity. Forensic pathology, part 1: death in custody. do so within any sterile area of a public transit facility (PTF). Pepper spray is banned for use in war by Article I.5 of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which bans the use of all riot control agents in warfare whether lethal or less-than-lethal. Criminal Defense Penal Code PC 22810 Unlawful Use of Tear Gas. Assault with a deadly weapon (ADW) Penal Code 245(a)(1), Penal Code 245a1 PC Californias law on assault with a deadly weapon (ADW), Flash Points of Common Flammable Substances, CALCRIM 505 Justifiable Homicide: Self-Defense or Defense of Another, 2-4 years in California state prison; and/or. unauthorized possession of weapons in public buildings PC 171b, weapons at California Public Transit Facilities PC 171.7, and. Coast guardsmen as well as prison officers have access to it. US Attorney General William Barr said there was no tear gas used, claiming pepper spray is not a chemical irritant. Our attorneys explain the law, penalties and best defense strategies for every major crime in California. However, if it contains less than 100ml (3.5impfloz; 3.4USfloz), while still a Category 6 Weapon, it is not classed as a punishable offense for the purposes of the Weapons law. As many of the chemists pointed out, the main ingredient of pepper spray is oleoresin capsicum, which is a chemical also found in hot peppers and chilis and is responsible the hot, burning sensation experienced when eating them. Chap 238 Firearms and Ammunition Ordinance Section 2", "Arms and Explosives Act - Singapore Statutes Online", "How your gun permit applications are considered", 175/2003. During a protest, it is impossible to tell what chemical is being used as the clinical manifestations are the same., Trumps reelection campaign has claimed the media was falsely reporting that U.S. Park Police used tear gas, and in a Fox News Radio interview on June 3, Trump said the stories about clearing out the protesters with tear gas were fake. "Ex-FBI Agent Pleads Guilty in Conflict-of-Interest Case". This means that any charges in the case could get reduced or even dismissed. A person acts willfully if he or she does something on purpose. It's not chemical," he told CBS. Justified use against humans as self-defense is allowed. In the interview, Brennan pressed Barr on the decision to aggressively clear peaceful protestors from Lafayette Park in Washington, D.C., prior to a walk through the park for a photo opportunity by President Donald Trump at St. John's Church. Pepper spray was engineered into a spray originally for defense against bears, mountain lions, wolves and other dangerous predators, and is often referred to colloquially as bear spray. Pepper spray is commercially available without a license. Prisons) Officers. I guess they just reported there were no, what would you call them, the rubber bullets or whatever. Police also encourages vulnerable groups like pensioners or women to carry one. They didnt use. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, Extraction of oleoresin capsicum (OC) from peppers requires capsicum to be finely ground, from which capsaicin is then extracted using an organic solvent such as ethanol. It causes burning, pain, and tears when it comes into contact with a person's eyes. Their use, however, can still cause fatalities. A person acts maliciously when he or she: Example: Scott is unemployed and living in an RV. Attorney General Bill Barr has defended the use of pepper spray against protesters in Washington DC last Monday, claiming that the substance is not a chemical irritant.. Im a chemical engineer and chemist who studies chemicals in the environment. The solvent is then evaporated, and the remaining waxlike resin is the oleoresin capsaicin. She was previously a senior writer for Live Science but is now a freelancer based in Denver, Colorado, and regularly contributes to Scientific American and The Monitor, the monthlymagazine of the American Psychological Association.
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